4 N. H. Agr. Experiment Station [Bulletin 295 



ments in the large market must have a much more direct effect upon 

 supply in the small market than would be true, if only a few farms with- 

 in such a radius were shipping outside. 



Changing market relationships show their first effects in the areas 

 where inter-market competition takes place. By focusing attention up- 

 on such areas the results of price shifts between markets may be discov- 

 ered without wasted time or effort. 



The application to other markets of conclusions regarding supply 

 drawn from the study of a particular market, may be aided by the maps 

 and tabular data reported in this study. Likewise, fundamental dif- 

 ferences between markets are brought to light. 



The Milksheds 

 (1) General 



Maps have been drawn showing the location, size of herd, and mar- 

 ket outlet of all commercial dairy farms in New Hampshire. In their 

 preparation the following methods were used : 



Town maps on a scale of two inches to the mile showing location and 

 size of herd of each commercial farmer were available from a types-of- 

 farming survey conducted by the Experiment Station in cooperation 

 with the Agricultural Adjustment Administration in 1935. In making 

 this survey, town maps showing roads and residences were copied from < 

 old Geological Survey maps. One or more selectmen (and in most cases 1 

 several other key men) were visited in each town and asked to assist in '' 

 the work. From the town inventory a list of farmers was prepared and 

 checked against the names on the map. From the State Milk Control 

 Board, local health officers, milk distributors and others, the destination 

 of each farmer's milk was learned. County maps were prepared from 

 these data and, after reducing the scale, a State map was drawn. 



Supplementing these maps are data regarding sales in all intra- 

 state markets in which the State Milk Control Board operated. 



Technical difficulties prevent printed reproduction of any but a 

 few relatively small markets. Hand-colored copies of the State map 

 are available for reference at the Experiment Station, the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, and the New England Research Council office in 

 Boston. Large scale maps of most local markets are on file at the Ex- 

 periment Station. To illustrate the information made available certain 

 milksheds have been reproduced on a small scale in this study. 



In the three maps shown here, the solid red circles represent pro- 

 ducers selling to the market under consideration ; the solid black circles, 

 sales to other local markets ; the circles with dots, no sale, and the plain 

 circles, sales to small local markets. The green triangles represent pro- 

 ducers selling to out-of-state markets. The symbol used refers to the 

 market in which the milk is consumed. By varying the scale of the 

 circles and triangles, differences in size of dairy enterprise are indicated. 



The maps are not completely accurate. A farm may be shown on 

 the wrong side of the road or even a short distance away from the road. \ 

 These are not topographical maps. As only farms of three cows or more 

 are shown, some small producers will not appear. Furthermore, this is 

 a cross-section analysis and it had to be done over a period of time. Shifts 

 of producers in and out of production, of producers from one market 

 (or dealer) to another, and of cow numbers are constantly taking place. 



