180 THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES. 



It will be seen from these that although there is an increase of brain-weight with 

 body-stature, this increase does not keep pace, pari passu, with the stature. That 

 is to say, taller persons, although they have absolutely more brain substance, have 

 relatively less than shorter persons. This is true for either sex. Nevertheless the 

 proportion of brain to the stature remains larger in the male both at the mean height 

 of both sexes, and at nearly corresponding heights. 



Marshall further finds from a minute analysis of these results of R. Boyd, that in the case 

 of males of mean height, the weight in ounces of the cerebrum may be obtained by simply 

 dividing the number of inches of height by 1*6, or in grammes by multiplying the number of 

 centimetres of height by 7. 



For females, the same formula as that employed for the male can be used, but the result 

 must be multiplied by |^. 



Thus 



Height in inches 

 Weight in ozs. of the mean male cerebrum = 



1*6 



Height in inches 

 ., female cerebrum = x 5 



Weight in grammes of the mean male cerebrum = Height in centim. x 7 



.. ,. female cerebrum = Height in centim. x 7 x ^ 



The weights as calculated from these formulas are found by Marshall to correspond very 

 nearly with the observed weights for definite statures as recorded in Boyd's tables. The 

 correspondence is most complete for statures near the mean, the observed weights being 

 slightly defective at the higher, and excessive at the lower statures. 1 



Most of the estimates of brain weight in different races have been obtained as 

 the result of measuring the cubic contents of the skull cavity (compare Vol. II., 

 p. 83, and Manouvrier, loc. eY.).' In this way it is estimated (Davis), that the 

 Chinese have an average brain weight of about 1330 grammes (approaching that 

 of the European) ; the Sandwich islanders one of 1300 grammes ; the Malays and 

 North American Indians one of 1265 grammes ; the negro 1245 grammes ; the 

 native Australians 1185 grammes. The Hindus have also a small brain weight 

 (probably in relation to the small prevailing stature), viz. : 1190 grammes. Amongst 

 Europeans the Latin races have a somewhat less brain weight than the Teutonic and 

 Sclavonic races ; here also in all probability the influence of stature is apparent. 



Weight of the several parts of the encephalon. The proportionate 

 weight of the cerebellum (inclusive of the pons and the medulla oblongata) to that 

 of the cerebrum is, in the adult, as 13 to 87 (Huschke). The cerebellum is both 

 absolutely and relatively somewhat heavier in the male than in the female. 



In the new-born infant the ratio of the weight of the cerebellum to that of the 

 whole brain is strikingly different from that observed in the adult. Huschke found 

 the weight of the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons together in the new-born 

 infant, as compared with that of the cerebrum, to be in the proportion of 7 to 93. 



Meynert found the proportions between the frontal, parietal, and conjoined 

 occipital and temporal lobes to be 41*5 : 2 3 '4 : and 35' 1 (in both the male and 

 female). 



Weight of the spinal cord. Divested of its membranes and nerves, the 

 spinal cord in the human subject weighs from 1 oz. to If oz. (average 30 grammes, 

 Schwalbe). Its proportion to the encephalon is about 1 to 43. 



1 For further discussion of the proportion of stature to brain weight, the reader is referred to a 

 paper by le Bon in the Revue d'Anthropol. , 1879, and to one by the late Prof. J. Marshall, F.R.S., in 

 the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, July, 1892. 



