136 



THE NOSE. 



directly upwards into the frontal smiix, and that the lateral wall of this meatus is 

 farther marked by a deep curvilinear depression (hiatus semilunaris, Zuckerkandl), 

 extending from behind and below upwards and forwards towards the infundibulum. 

 Into the deepest part of this depression the anterior ethmoidal cells and the maxillary 

 antrubi open, often by a common orifice ; sometimes the antrum has a second orifice 

 rather lower down in the hiatus. Immediately above and behind the hiatus serni- 



?ig. 155. SKETCH SHOWING THE POSITION OP THE ORIFICES OF THE AIR-CELLS AND OF OTHKR 



PASSAGES LEADING INTO THE NASAL FOSSJ5 (E. A. S. ). 



The middle and inferior turbinals are cut away as much as is necessary to expose the orifices. 



sph.ethm., probe passed from the spheno-ethmoidal recess into the sphenoidal sinus, sph.sln. ; 

 post.ethm., apertures of the posterior ethmoidal cells beneath the superior ethmoidal concha ; mid.ctkm. 

 apertures of the middle ethmoidal cells beneath the midddle (inferior ethmoidal) concha, and just above 

 the ethmoidal bulla, ethm.b. ; ant.cthm., aperture of the anterior ethmoidal cells in the hiatus serni- 

 lunaris, h.s., immediately below the ethmoidal bulla ; antr., aperture of the maxillary anti-urn also in 

 the hiatus, and close to those of the anterior ethmoidal cells but concealed by the uncinate process, 

 pr.nnc. ; antr.', an accessory orifice to the antrum, sometimes present in the lower part of the hiatus 

 semilunaris ; infund., infundibulum leading to the aperture of the frontal sinus, fr.sin. (through which 

 a probe is passed) ; n.d., orifice of nasal duct, beneath the inferior turbinal ; ay.n., agger nasi ; Eu.t., 

 Eustachian tube ; f.R., lateral recess of pharynx (fossa of Rosenmiiller). 



lunaris and below the attachment of the concha is an oval prominence of the lateral 

 wall which is often very strongly marked. This is the eihmoidal lulla of Zucker- 

 kandl, and above or upon it are the apertures of the middle ethmoidal cells (fig. 155). 



The ethmoidal bulla has been held to be a rudiment of an additional ethmoidal concha 

 which is well developed in macrosmatic mammals ; but this opinion, although it seemed a 

 probable one, is not supported by the most recent researches. 



Zuckerkandl has shown that there is frequently present, especially in the foetus and child, 

 a second ethmoidal fissure parallel to and above the principal fissure. This second fissure 

 separates off the lower part of the superior ethmoidal concha as a middle <>t1iioidal concha. 



