RECENT LITERATURE OF GUSTATORY ORGANS. 



151 



which is somewhat bulged, two processes extend. One, the peripheral, is nearly 

 straight, and passes to the gustatory pore where it ends in a cilium-like projection, 

 the taste-Mir. The other process, the central one, passes towards the base of the 

 flask : it may be fine and varicose, and is often bifurcated or even further branched, 

 and, according to G. Retzius and Lenhossek, it ends in a free extremity or 

 extremities, and not, as was formerly thought, in continuity with the nerve-fibrils 

 which pass to the taste-bud. 



Each taste-bud receives a small bundle of nerve-fibres, derived, at least in the 

 case of those of the papilla? vallatae, from the glosso-pharyngeal nerve. The nerve- 

 Fig. 173. ENDING OP NERVE FIBRES IN AND AROUND TASTE-BUDS OF 



RABBIT : GOLGI PREPARATION. (Gr. RetzillS. ) 



fibres lose their medullary sheath as they enter the organ 

 and are continued as axis-cylinders which end by ramify- 

 ing amongst the gustatory cells (intrabulbar ramification, 

 fig. 173, t) without, as has been just stated, coming into 

 actual continuity with these cells. A number of nerve- 

 fibrils also pass into the enclosing capsule of stratified 

 epithelium and end by ramifying between the cells of 

 that epithelium (peribulbar ramification, fig. 173, p). 

 These peribulbar nerves are believed to be nerves of 

 general sensibility and not gustatory. 



Section of the glosso-pharyngeal nerves in young 

 animals is followed by atrophy of the taste-buds after 

 some time. The taste-buds of the anterior part of the 

 tongue appear to be supplied by the chorda tympani 

 nerve. 



RECENT LITERATURE OF THE GUSTATORY ORGANS. 



Arnstein, C., Die Nervenendigungen in den SchmecTcbechern der Sauger., Arch. f. mikr. 

 Anat., xxxi., 1893. 



Drasch, O., Untersuchungen iiber die PapiUce foliates und circumvallatce der KanincJien und 

 Feldhasen, Leipzig, 1887, 



G-melin, Zur Morphologic der Papilla vallata und foliata, Archiv flir mikroskopische Anatomie, 

 xl., 1892. 



Hermann, Friedrich, Studien iiber den feineren Bau des Geschmackorgans, Erlangen, 1887 ; 

 Sitzungsberichte der math.-physik. Klasse d. k. b. Akad. d. Wissensch., Mlinchen, 1888. 



Hb'nig-schmied, J., Kleine Beitrdge, betreffend die Anordnung der Geschmacksknospen bei den 

 Sciugcthiercn, Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftl. Zoologie, Band xlvii., 1888. 



.Lenhossek, M. v. , Der feinere Bau u. d. Nervcnendigungen der Geschmacksknospen, Anat. 

 Anzeiger, viii. 1893. 



Niemack, J., Der nervose Apparat in den Endscheiben der Frosch-zunge, Anat. Hefte, 1892. 



Tuckerman, Frederick, Note on the papilla foliata and other taste areas of the pig, Ana-torn. 

 Anzeiger, iii. , 1888 ; Anatomy of the papilla foliata of the human infant, Journ. of Anat., vol. xxii., 

 1888 ; Observations on the structure of the gustatory organs of the bat, Journal of Morphology, 1888 ; 

 On the gustatory organs of some Edentata, Internationale Monatsschrift fiir Anatomie und Physiologic, 

 Band vii., 1890 ; The development of the gustatory organs in Man, Journal of Anatomy, 1889 ; 

 Americ. Journal of Psychology, vol. iii., 1890 ; On the gustatory organs of some of the Mammalia, 

 Journal of Morphology, vol. iv., 1890 ; Observations on some mammalian taste-organs, Journ. of 

 Anat. and Physiol., 1891. 



