xlii 



THE BLOOD. 



Free oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonic acid) 

 Extractive matters 

 Fatty matters, viz. 



Phosphuretted fat 



Cholesterin 



Serolin 



Oleic and margaric acids (free) 



Ditto combined with soda 



Volatile odoriferous oily acid 



(combined with a base.) 

 Salts, viz. 



Chloride of sodium 

 potassium 



ammonium 



Carbonate of soda 

 ,, lime 



magnesia 



Phosphate of soda 

 lime 



,, magnesia 



Lactate of soda 

 Yellow colouring matter 

 Albumen ...... 



Water 



Fibrin 



Hsematin . . . 2 27 ) n 

 Albumen (globulin) 125-63 j Cor P uscles 



10-98 



67-80 



790-37 



2-95 



Serum 



86915 



Crassamentum ISO' 85 



1000- 



Lecanu's statement refers all the water of the blood to the serum, and thus 

 exaggerates the quantity of albumen. The following statement (from 

 Lehmann) may be taken as a more correct account of the distribution 

 of the several constituents ; but the proportion assigned of albumen is 

 probably somewhat too low. 



Water 



Hsematin 



Globulin and Envelopes 



Fat 



Extractive matters 



Saline ., 



Fibrin 



Albumen . 



In 1000 parts of Blood. 



Corpuscles. Plasma. 



. 344 451-45 



. . 8-375 

 141-110 

 1-155 

 1-300 

 4-060 



500- 



0-860 

 1-970 

 4-275 

 2-025 

 39-420 



500- 



Total. 



795-450 

 8-375 



141-110 

 2-015 

 3-270 

 8-335 

 2-025 

 39-420 



1000- 



Difference "between Arterial and Venous Blood. By arterial blood is meant that 

 which is contained in the aorta and its branches (systemic arteries), the pulmonary 

 veins and left cavities of the heart ; the venous blood is that of the veins generally, 

 the pulmonary arteries, and right cavities of the heart. Their differences, apart from 

 their functional effects in the living body, come under the heads of colour and com- 

 position. 



1. Colour. Arterial blood, as already stated, is scarlet, venous blood dark, or 

 purple. Venous blood assumes the scarlet colour on exposure to air, i. e., to oxygen. 

 This change is greatly promoted by the saline matter of the serum, and may be 

 accelerated by adding salts or sugar to blood, especially by carbonate of potash, or of 

 soda, and by nitre. Salts added to dark blood, without exposure to oxygen or air, 

 cause it to assume a red colour, but not equal in brightness to that of arterial blood. On 



