ARTICULATIONS OF THE RIBS. 



129 



the head of the rib to the intervertebral substance, and divides the articu- 

 lation into two parts, each lined by a separate synovial membrane. The 



Fig. 117. VIEW OF A PART OF THE Fig. 117. 



VERTEBRAL COLUMN, INCLUDING THE 

 5iH, GTH, 7iH, STH, AND 9iH 

 DORSAL VERTEBRA, WITH A PART 



OF THE 6TH, 7TH, AND 8lH 

 RlBS, FROM THE RIGHT SIDE AND 

 FRONT. ^ 



The 5th and 9th ribs have been 

 removed so as to show the articular 

 surfaces of the vertebrae corresponding 

 to them ; 1 to 2, the anterior common 

 ligament of the bodies of the vertebrae ; 

 at x x , a portion of the ligament is 

 removed, so as to expose the inter- 

 vertebral plate between the 8th and 

 9th vertebrae, in which the diagonal 

 fibres of the outermost ligamentous 

 plates are represented ; 3 and 4, the 

 heads of the 6th and 7th ribs, from 

 which the stellate or anterior costo- 

 central ligaments are seen spreading 

 over the two adjacent vertebral bodies 

 and intervertebral substance ; 5, the 

 head of the eighth rib, from which the 

 stellate ligament has been removed, so 

 as to expose the upper and lower 

 synovial cavities, and between them 

 the intervertebral or deep costo-central 

 ligament ; 6, lower, and 6', upper 

 facet of the costo-central articulation ; 

 7, posterior costo-transverse ligament ; 

 7', the costo-transverse synovial cavity ; 7", the costo-transverse articular facet of the 

 5th vertebra; 8, the anterior or superior costo-transverse ligament; 9, superior articular 

 process of the 5th vertebra ; 9', inferior of the 9th. 



ligament does not exist in the articulations of the first, eleventh, or twelfth 

 ribs, in consequence of those ribs being each attached to only one vertebral 

 body by a single synovial joint. 



Fig. 118. FIVE DORSAL VERTEBRAE, WITH PORTIONS 



OF THE CORRESPONDING RlBS. J 



1 and 2 are placed on the laminae of the vertebrae, 

 close to the interspinous ligaments ; 3, one of the 

 ligamenta subflava, which are only in part seen, being 

 covered to some extent by the laminae of the vertebrae ; 

 4, anterior costo-transverse ligament ; 5, posterior 

 costo-transverse ligament. 



The COSTO-TRANSVERSE ARTICULATION Unites 



the tubercle and neck of the rib to the cor- 

 responding transverse process by a synovial 

 joint and ligaments, and by a longer ligament 

 to the transverse process above. 



The posterior costo-transverse ligament is a distinct band extending out- 

 wards from the posterior part of the summit of the transverse process to the 

 rough external part of the tubercle of the rib. 



