THE SHOULDER-JOINT. 



137 



and teres minor muscles, which are intimately connected with it, as they pass 

 over it to reach the great tuberosity of the humerus. Anteriorly the tendon 

 of the subscapularis muscle comes into direct contact with the synovia! mem- 

 braiie, which is prolonged upon it through an oval opening. The insertion 

 of the capsule is likewise interrupted opposite the bicipital groove, to give 

 passage to the long tendon of the biceps muscle. 



The coraco-humeral, or accessory ligament, is a broad bundle of fibres 

 extending obliquely over the upper and outer part of the articulation ; it is 

 attached to the root of the coracoid process, and thence descends towards 

 the greater tuberosity of the humerus, intimately connected with the capsule. 



The glenoid ligament is a firm fibrous band, about two lines deep, which 

 is fixed to the edge of the glenoid fossa, and, by elevating the border of the 

 cavity, renders it a little deeper. The upper part of it is connected with the 

 tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle, which is also fixed into the 

 upper part of the glenoid fossa, within the capsule of the joint. 



The synovial membrane is reflected uninterruptedly from the glenoid 

 cavity on the inner surface of the fibrous capsule to the humerus, but its 

 form is complicated by its relation to the tendons of the biceps and sub- 

 scapularis muscles. The long tendon of the biceps muscle, traversing the 

 joint in its course from the upper border of the glenoid cavity to the bicipital 

 groove, is enclosed in a tubular sheath, formed by an offset or process of the 

 synovial membrane, which is continued down upon it beyond the fibrous 

 capsule into the bicipital groove, and is thence reflected upwards upon it to 



Fig. 126. 



Fig. 126. A, SECTION THROUGH THE SHOULDER-JOINT, PASSING FROM WITHIN OUTWARDS 



THROUGH THE TENDON OF THE BlCEPS AND BlOIPITAL GROOVE, SOMEWHAT DIAGRAM- 

 MATIC, TO SHOW THE SYNOVIAL CAVITY OF THE JOINT, &C. ^ 



B, OUTLINE OP THE SAME, TO SHOW THE INFLECTION OP THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 



OVER THE TENDON. 



1, placed above the sawn end of the outer part of the clavicle ; 2, is near the acromial 

 end; 3, the cavity of the shoulder-joint close to the upper part of the glenoid head, 

 where there are seen the section of the cartilages on the head of the humerus and in the 

 glenoid cavity of the scapula, the glenoid ligament, and the origin of the tendon of the 

 biceps muscle ; 4, is in the lower part of the cavity of the joint, indicating the section of 

 the glenoid ligament in that situation ; 5, the upper part of the capsular ligament and 

 synovial membrane ; 6, the tendon of the biceps as it passes out of the joint into the 

 bicipital groove ; 6', 6', the tubular prolongation of the synovial membrane round the 

 tendon ; 7, the reflection of the synovial membrane on the humerus within the lower part 

 of the capsular ligament. 



