CARPAL ARTICULATIONS. 



143 



The bones of the second row are connected by similar means. The dorsal 

 and palmar ligaments, each three in number, pass transversely between the 

 contiguous bones. The interosseous ligaments are generally three (but 



Fig. 132. 



Fig. 132, A. DORSAL VIEW OP THE DEEPER LIGAMENTS OP THE WRIST-JOINT, AND OP 

 THE CARPAL AND CARPO-METAOARPAL ARTICULATIONS (after Arnold). \ 



1, lower part of the ulna ; 2, external lateral ligament of the wrist-joint ; 3, internal ; 

 near it, descending obliquely to 6, from the radius, the dorsal radio-carpal ligament ; 

 4 to 5, transverse dorsal ligaments of the first row : 4, is on the scaphoid ; 5, on the 

 semilunar bone ; 6, cuneiform bone, with the attachment of the dorsal radio-carpal liga- 

 ment; 7, trapezium ; 8, trapezoid ; 9, os magnum; 10, unciform ; 11 to 15, first to fifth 

 metacarpal bones; 7 to 8, 8 to 9, and 9 to 10, transverse dorsal ligaments of the second 

 row of carpal bones ; 4 to 8, 4 to 9, 5 to 9, and others, dorsal ligaments between the first 

 and second row; 8 to 12, 9 to 13, and others, dorsal ligaments from the second row to 

 the metacarpal bones; between the metacarpal bones, from 11 to 15, the dorsal inter- 

 metacarpal ligaments. 



Fig. 132, B. PALMAR VIEW OP THE LIGAMENTS OP THE WRIST-JOINT, AND OF THE 

 CARI-AL AND CARPO-METACARPAL ARTICULATIONS. | 



The anterior radio-carpal ligament has been removed : 1, anterior ligament of the lower 

 radio-ulnar articulation ; 2, external, and 3, internal lateral ligament of the wrist-joint ; 

 4, scaphoid bone ; 5, semilunar ; 6, cuneiform ; 7, pisiform, with the tendon of flexor 

 carpi ulnaris attached ; 4 to 5, and 5 to 6, palmar transverse ligaments of the first row ; 

 8, external lateral ligament between the first and second row of carpal bones ; 9, trape- 

 zium (the trapezoid is not numbered) ; 10, os magnum ; 11, hooked process of the unci- 

 form bone ; 9 to 10, 10 to 11, and others, transverse palmar ligaments of the second row ; 

 4 to 10, and 6 to 10, some of the palmar ligaments uniting the two rows, converging on 

 the os magnum ; 7 to 11, ligament from the pisiform bone to the unciform process ; 

 7 to 16, ligament from the pisiform to the fifth metacarpal bone; 12, external ligament 

 of the first carpo-metacarpal articulation, the internal of which is also shown ; 13, 14, 

 15, 16, the proximal ends of the second to the fifth metacarpal bones, on which the 

 palmar transverse, and on three of them, a set of piso-metacarpal ligaments are shown. 



sometimes only two) in number, a strong ligament being placed between the 

 os magnum and unciform bones, another between the trapezoid and trapezium, 

 and a slender ligament between the os magnum and trapezoid. A small 

 interosseous ligament is also sometimes found between the os magnum and 

 the scaphoid. (Fig. 133.) 



