THE MEDIASTINUM. 



290 



FROM THE EIGHT llDE IN A MALE ADULT. 



A, Right auricle ; B, left auricular appendix ; C, right ventricle ; D, small part of the 

 left ventricle ; I, placed on the first part of the aortic arch ; and on the descending aorta ; 

 II, trunk of the pulmonary artery dividing into its right and left branches, and connected 

 to the aorta by the cord of the ductus arteriosus ; III, vena cava superior ; IV, vena cava 

 inferior. 



1, innominate artery and right carotid ; 1', left carotid ; 2, right and left subclavian 

 arteries ; 3, intercostal vessels marked only in three spaces ; 4, above this figure the 

 inferior diaphragmatic arteries ; below it the creliac axis and superior mesenteric artery ; 

 5, renal arteries ; 6, above this figure the spermatic arteries, and below it the inferior 

 meseuteric ; 6', the farther course of the spermatic vessels, on the right side they are 

 seen to pass through the outer abdominal ring before descending to the testis ; 7, 7', right 

 and left common iliac arteries ; 8, 8', external iliac arteries ; 9, epigastric and circumflex 

 iliac arteries of the left side ; 10, 10', internal iliac arteries ; and between these two 

 figures the middle sacral artery ; 11, femoral arteries ; 12, some branches of the profunda 

 femoris artery of the left side. 



a, right innominate or brachio-cephalic vein ; a', the left ; 6, b', right and left sub- 

 clavian veins ; V, the cephalic vein of the right arm ; c, d , internal jugular veins ; c", 

 right facial vein joining the internal jugular; d, external jugular veins formed by the 

 posterior auricular and temporal veins ; df, anterior jugular veins with the transverse 

 joining the external jugular; e, azygos vein passing over the root of the right lung ; /, 

 one of the hepatic veins ; g, placed on the vena cava inferior at the origin of the renal 

 veins ; to the sides are seen the kidneys and the suprarenal bodies ; g', right, g' 1 , left 

 ureter ; A, right spermatic vein ; h', the left, joining the left renal vein ; i, i, common 

 iliac veins ; i', i', external iliac veins ; k, femoral veins ; I, saphenous vein of the right 

 side. 



The part of this septum behind the pericardium is distinguished as the 

 posterior mediastinum ; it is in front of the bodies of the vertebrae, and 

 within its cavity are the trachea, the oesophagus, the thoracic duct, the 

 descending aorta, the vena azygos, and the pneumogastric nerves, with lym- 

 phatic vessels and areolar tissue. The middle, mediastinum is the name 

 given to the larger space, which is occupied by the pericardium and its 

 contents. The anterior mediastinum, in front of the pericardium, is narrow 

 and of little depth ; but a knowledge of its situation is important to the phy- 



Fig. 225. A DIAGRAMMATIC 

 REPRESENTATION OF THE 

 HEART AND GREAT VES- 

 SELS IN CONNECTION WITH 



Fig. 225. 



The pericardium has been 

 removed, and the lungs are 

 turned aside. 1, right au- 

 ricle ; 2, vena cava superior ; 

 3, vena cava inferior ; 4, right 

 ventricle; 5, stem of the pul- 

 monary artery ; a, a, its right 

 and left branches; 6, left 

 auricular appendage ; 7, left 

 ventricle ; 8, aorta ; 9, 10, 

 two lobes of the left lung ; 

 11, 12, 13, three lobes of the 

 right lung ; b, b, right and 

 left bronchi ; v, v, right and 

 left upper pulmonary veins. 



sician, as it is connected 

 with the position of the 

 anterior margins of the 



luns relatively to the heart : at its superior part a small interval is left 



x 2 



