POSTERIOR AURICULAR. TEMPORAL. 253 



subclavian artery outside the scalenus anticus muscle ; 3, first part of the axillary artery 

 giving rise to theacromial thoracic, short thoracic, &c. ; 4, third part of the axillary artery, 

 giving rise to the subscapular, circumflex, &c. ; 5, commencement of the brachial artery ; 

 6, superficial transverse cervical artery ; 6', placed on the scalenus anticus muscle marks 

 the superficial ascending cervical branch ; 7, posterior scapular artery, arising from the 

 subclavian artery behind the scalenus anticus muscle, and separate from the thyroid axis ; 

 8, acromial branches of the acromial thoracic ; 9, pectoral branches of the same; 10, long 

 thoracic artery outside the pectoralis minor muscle ; +, posterior circumflex branch 

 of the axillary artery (the anterior circumflex is seen rising from the opposite side of the 

 same part of the axillary trunk) ; 11, subscapular artery, passing between the subscapularis 

 and teres minor muscles to proceed to the lower angle and dorsum of the scapula ; 12, 

 thoracic descending branch of the subscapular artery. Carotid Artery and its Branches. 

 13, lower part, and 14, upper part of the right common carotid artery; 15, trunk of the 

 external carotid artery, brought fully into view by the removal of the digastric muscle ; 

 16, trunk of the internal carotid artery ; 17, 17, inside the thyroid axis of the subclavian 

 artery, and on the inferior thyroid artery where it is distributed in the gland ; 18, superior 

 thyroid artery, anastomosing in the gland with the inferior thyroid ; 1 9, lingual 

 artery, brought into view by the removal of the lower part of the hyo-glossus muscle ; 20, 

 facial artery, giving off the palatine, tonsillitic and submental ; 21, inferior labial ; 22, 

 coronary artery ; 23, occipital artery ; 24, posterior auricular artery ; 25, superficial 

 temporal artery ; 26, internal maxillary artery ; 27, transverse facial, given off in this 

 instance directly by the external carotid artery. 



position. The artery has, in a few instances, been seen to turn backwards below the 

 transverse process of the atlas. 



Branches. The posterior auricular and the pharyngeal arteries sometimes take 

 origin from the occipital. 



V. POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY. 



The posterior auricular artery, a small vessel, arises from the external 

 carotid a little higher up than the occipital. It ascends, under cover of 

 the parotid gland, and resting on the styloid process of the temporal bone, 

 reaches the angle formed by the cartilage of the ear with the mastoid pro- 

 cess. It is crossed by the portio dura of the seventh nerve. Somewhat 

 above the mastoid portion of the temporal bone it divides into two sets of 

 branches, of which one set inclines forwards to anastomose with the posterior 

 branch of the temporal artery, and the other backwards towards the occiput, 

 on which it communicates with the occipital artery. 



BRANCHES. The following are the branches given off by the posterior 

 auricular artery : 



(a) Small branches to the parotid gland and the digastric muscle. 



(b) The stylo-mastoid branch. This twig enters the foramen of the same name in 

 the temporal bone ; on reaching the tympanum, it divides into delicate vessels, 

 which pass, some to the mastoid cells, others to the labyrinth. One branch is con- 

 stantly found in young bodies to form, with the tympanic branch of the internal 

 maxillary artery which enters the fissure of Glaser, a vascular circle around the 

 auditory meatus, from which delicate offsets ramify upon the membrana tympani. 

 This small tympanic branch sometimes arises from the occipital artery. 



(c) Auricular branches. As it passes the back of the ear, the auricular artery 

 gives one or two branches which supply the posterior surface of the concha, and turn 

 over the margin, or perforate the substance of the auricle to gain the anterior 

 surface. 



PECULIARITIES. The posterior auricular artery is frequently very small, and has 

 been seen to end in the stylo-mastoid branch. It is often a branch of the occipital. 



VI. TEMPORAL ARTERY. 



The temporal artery, one of the two branches into which the external 

 carotid artery finally divides a little below the condyle of the lower jaw, 



