TEMPORO-FACIAL DIVISION OF THE FACIAL. 613 



frontalis muscle ; it lies close to the bone, and, besides supplying the muscle, 

 gives upwards filaments to the integument. 



DIGASTRIC AND STYLO-HYOID BRANCHES. 



The digastric branch arises in common with that for the stylo -hyoid 

 muscle, and is divided into numerous filaments, which enter the digastric 

 muscle : one of these sometimes perforates the digastric, and joins the 

 glospo-pharyngeal nerve near the base of the skull. 



The stylo-hyoid branch, long and slender, is directed inwards from the 

 digastric branch .to the muscle from which it is named. This nerve is 

 connected with the plexus of the sympathetic on the external carotid 

 artery. 



TEMPORO-FACIAL DIVISION. 



The temporo-facial, the larger of the two primary divisions into which 

 the main trunk of the facial nerve separates, is directed forwards through 

 the parotid gland. Its ramifications and connections with other nerves form 

 a network over the side of the face, extending as high as the temple and 

 as low as the mouth. Its branches are arranged in temporal, malar, and 

 infraorbital sets. 



(a) The temporal branches ascend over the zygoma to the side of the head. Some 

 end in the anterior muscle of the auricle and the integument of the temple, and 

 communicate with the temporal branch of the upper maxillary nerve near the ear, as 

 well as with (according to Meckel) the auriculo-temporal branch of the lower maxil- 

 lary nerve. Other branches enter the occipito-frontalis, the orbicularis palpebrarum, 

 and the corrugator supercilii muscles, and join offsets from the supraorbital branch 

 of the ophthalmic nerve. 



(b) The malar bran' lies cross the malar bone to reach the outer side of the orbit, and 

 supply the orbicular muscle. Some filaments are distributed to both the upper and 

 lower eyelids : those in the upper eyelid join filaments from the lachrymal and, 

 supraorbital nerves ; and those in the lower lid are connected with filaments from the 

 upper maxillary nerve. Filaments from this part of the facial nerve communicate 

 with the malar branch of the upper maxillary nerve. 



(c) The infraorbital brandies, of larger size than the other branches, are almost 

 horizontal in direction, and are distributed between the orbit and mouth. They 

 supply the buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles, the elevators of the upper lip and 

 angle of the mouth, and likewise the integument. Numerous communications take 

 place with the fifth nerve. Beneath the elevator of the upper lip these nerves are 

 united in a plexus with the branches of the upper maxillary nerve ; on the side of 

 the nose they communicate with the nasal, and at the inner angle of the orbit with 

 the infratrochlear nerve. The lower branches of this set are connected with those of 

 the cervico-facial division. 



Near its commencement the temporo-facial division of the facial is connected with 

 the auriculo-temporal nerve of the fifth, by one or two branches of considerable size 

 which turn round the external carotid artery; and it gives some filaments to the 

 tragus of the outer ear. 



CERVICO-FACIAL DIVISION. 



This division of the facial nerve is directed obliquely through the parotid 

 gland towards the angle of the lower jaw, and gives branches to the face, 

 below those of the preceding division, and to the upper part of the neck. 

 The branches are named buccal, supramaxillary, and inframaxillary. In the 

 gland, this division of the facial nerve is joined by filaments of the great 

 auricular nerve of the cervical plexus, and offsets from it penetrate the sub- 

 stance of the gland. 



