812 



THE TONGUE. 



The arteries of the tongue are derived from the lingualis, with some small branches 

 from the facial and ascending pharyngeal. With these the veins for the most part 

 correspond. (See pp. 348 and 456.) 



Fig. 570. 



Fig. 570. LATERAL VIEW OF THE NERVES AND BLOOD-VESSELS OP THE TONGUE (from 

 Hirschfeld and Leveille). f 



The lower jaw has been divided near the syraphysis, and the right half removed ; the 

 hyoid bone is entire, and the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are preserved on the right 

 side, a, the epithelial covering of the tongue partially raised ; 6, the papillar surface of 

 the mucous membrane exposed ; c, the same near the papillae vallatse ; d, placed on the 

 superior constrictor of the pharynx, points to the stylo-glossus muscle ; e, stylo-pharyngeus 

 muscle, passing within the middle constrictor ; /, hyo-glossus ; g, middle constrictor of 

 the pharynx ; h, genio-hyo-glossus ; i, genio-hyoideus ; 1, trunk of the lingual artery ; 2, 

 ranine artery ; 3, sublingual branch ; 4, its terminal branches ; 5, trunk of the gustatory 

 nerve ; 5', distribution of its terminal twigs in the mucous membrane of the fore part of 

 the tongue ; 5", submaxillary ganglion ; 5"', another small ganglion, connected with the 

 gustatory nerve ; 6, chorda tympani nerve, passing from the facial nerve 7, to the trunk 

 of the gustatory ; 8, trunk of the glosso-pharyngeal, receiving a twig of communication 

 from the facial ; 8', its distribution near the papillae vallatse ; 9, hypoglossal nerve ; 9', 

 its twigs to the hyo-glossus muscle and union with the gustatory ; further forward are 

 seen its terminal branches to the muscular su bstance of the tongue. 



The nerves of the tongue (exclusive of branches from the sympathetic nerves) are 

 three : viz. the lingual or gustatory branch of the ffth pair, which supplies the 

 papillae and mucous membrane of the fore part and sides of the tongue to the extent 

 of about two- thirds of its surface ; the lingual branch of the glosso-pharyngeal, which 

 sends filaments to the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue, and especially to 

 the papillae vallatae ; and, lastly, the Uypoglossal nerve, which is distributed to the 

 muscles. (See the description of these nerves.) Remak and Kolliker have dis- 

 covered microscopic ganglia upon the expansion of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, and 

 in the sheep and calf upon the gustatory division of the fifth. Remak thought that 

 they had some relation to the glands, but Kolliker finds them on branches not con- 

 nected with those organs. 



