932 



THE KIDNEYS. 



laterally, in mammals they are always terminal, communicating with one 

 tubule only. The interior of the capsule is lined by a transparent delicate 

 squamous epithelium ; but there is still much difference of opinion as to the 

 exact relation of the glomerulus to the epithelium within the capsule. Bow- 

 man has described the glomerulus as hanging naked in the interior of the 

 capsule, and presenting thus the greatest possible facility for the filtration 

 of water from its vessels into the tubule : a view which has been supported by 

 Ecker, Henle, and others. Kolliker, on the other hand, has observed epithe- 

 lium on the free extremity of the glomerulus, looking towards the com- 

 mencing tubule, while at the sides he can find only a single layer, which ho 



Fig. 651. 



Fig. 652. 



Fig. 651. THREE MALPIGHIAN CAPSULES IN CONNECTION WITH THE BLOOD-VESSELS 

 AND URINIFEROUS TUBES OP THE HUMAN KIDNEY (from Kolliker after Bowman). * T 5 



a, termination of an interlobular artery ; b, afferent arteries ; c, a denuded vascular 

 glomerulus ; d, efferent vessel ; e, two of the glomeruli enclosed by the Malpighian 

 capsules ; /, uriniferous tubes connected with them. 



Fig. 652. SEMIDIAQRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A MALPIGHIAN BODY IN ITS 



RELATION TO THE URINIFEROUS TUBE (from Kolliker). ~Q 



a, capsule of the Malpighian body continuous with 6, the membrana propria of the 

 coiled uriniferous tube ; c, epithelium of the Malpighian body ; d, epithelium of the 

 uriniferous tube ; c, detached epithelium ; /, afferent vessel ; g, efferent vessel ; h, 

 convoluted vessels of the glomerulus. 



represents as adherent on one side to the glomerulus, and on the other to the 

 capsular wall. Lastly, Isaacs, Moleschott, and Chrzonszczewsky maintain that 

 the glomerulus and the capsule have each a separate coating of epithelium, 

 and they agree in stating that the cells of the layer covering the glomerulus 

 are considerably larger than those lining the capsule : Chrzonszczewsky re- 

 commends sections of frozen kidneys as showing very perfectly the two layers 

 in situ. 



