1048 DISSECTION OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 





4. It is to be observed that, although in the special directions all the 

 organs mentioned are supposed to be brought under review in one dissection, 

 it may be necessary for the student, in order to obtain a full knowledge of 

 them, to dissect each of the parts more than once. This is especially the 

 case with the head and neck. It is incumbent therefore upon the student 

 to make a selection of different objects in each dissection, under the guidance 

 of the demonstrator, in order that he may progressively obtain a full view of 

 the whole. 



5. Those students who have not previously dissected, are recommended 

 to select the limbs for their first and second dissections, after they shall 

 have obtained a sufficient knowledge of the bones and joints ; and for the 

 most part, the junior students ought not, in a first or second dissection, to 

 attempt to expose more than the muscles and the largest vessels and nerves. 

 In their third and subsequent dissections they will gradually come to make 

 a more complete display of all the parts. 



C. In the dissection of the limbs, no interference between the dissectors 

 of opposite sides can occur ; but in the head and neck, thorax and abdomen, 

 there is a necessity for the students who are engaged with the parts of 

 opposite sides to act in concert. The viscera must be examined by them 

 together, and it will frequently happen that the dissectors of only one side 

 can work at the same time. When such is the ca.se, the one dissector should 

 give his assistance to the other by reading or otherwise ; and it will some- 

 times be found advantageous for those having the same parts of opposite 

 sides to m;ke in concert different kinds of dissections on the opposite sides 

 of the body ; as for example, to dissect the muscles chiefly on one side, and 

 the vessels and nerves on the other, or the orbit from above on one side 

 and in a lateral view on the other, etc. 



II. SPECIAL DIRECTIONS FOR THE DISSECTION OF 

 EACH PART. 



I. HEAD AND NECK. 



THE right and left sides of this region constitute each a part. Its dissec- 

 tion may occupy the full time, or about six weeks ; two hours or more daily 

 being devoted to it. Its inferior boundary extends from the sternum, along 

 the clavicle, to the acromion process ; and thence to the spinous process of 

 the third cervical vertebra. It may be found impossible to follow out in 

 one part the whole of the dissections indicated below ; and therefore the 

 dissector ought rather, if his time is limited, to make a selection for repeated 

 dissections, following, as nearly as possible, the methods described. Many 

 of the smaller points of detail may be passed over by the junior student ; 

 and there are some which can only be observed in a favourable condition of 

 the subject. 



1. Integument of the Cranium. The subject being placed with the face 

 downwards, during the fir^t two days, the scalp and the back of the neck 

 (to the third cervical vertebra) are to be dissected ; and while this is being 

 done, only one dissector should work at a time. An incision is to be made 

 along the middle line, from the spinous process of the third cervical verte- 

 bra, forwards over the head, to the root of the nose, and another from 

 immediately behind the ear to meet the first at the vertex, care being taken 

 not to cut deeper than through the skin. The flaps of integument thus 

 marked out are to be reflected from above downwards, the posterior oue fiist. 



