SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP DISSECTION OP THE FACE. 1055 



the superior and inferior coronary, the lateral nasal and the angular, are to 

 be exposed (p. 350). 



The branches of the facial nerve should be traced backwards through the 

 parotid gland to the emergence of the main trunk from the sty lorn astoid 

 foramen : while this is being done, the connections of this nerve with the 

 auriculo-temporal branch of the fifth and with the great auricular nerve will 

 be preserved, and the twigs to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and 

 the stylo-hyoid muscle should be sought for, close to the skull (p. 613). The 

 continuation of the external carotid artery into the superficial temporal will 

 be seen ; and, in dissecting out the remains of the parotid gland, the position 

 and relations of that gland can be studied (p. 814). In this part of the dis- 

 section, the student should also observe the connections of the part of the 

 cervical fascia which separates the parotid and submaxillary glands, and which 

 is continuous with the strong band known as the stylo- maxillary ligament 

 (p. 197). Finally, the dissector may clean and examine thetarsal and nasal 

 cartilages (pp. 706 and 771). 



6. Deep Dissection of the Face. The masseter muscle, and the nerve 

 and artery which enter its deep surface from the sigmoid notch of the lower 

 jaw are to be examined (p. 181), and the temporal fascia removed, the 

 orbital twig of the superior maxillary nerve being sought between its layers 

 (p. 600). By means of the saw and bone-nippers, the zygomatic arch may 

 then be divided in front and behind in such a manner as exactly to include 

 the origin of the masseter muscle, which should be turned downwards and 

 backwards, the masseteric nerve and artery being in the meantime preserved. 

 Let the coronoid process be divided by a vertical and horizontal incision 

 with the saw and nippers as low down as possible, care being taken, nob 

 to cut the buccal nerve, which lies in close contact with the temporal muscle. 

 The coronoid process with the temporal muscle attached is to be reflected 

 upwards, and the neck of the jaw is to be divided a little below the con- 

 dyle, and as much of the rainus of the jaw is to be removed as can be cut 

 away without injury to the inferior dental artery and nerve which enter 

 the foramen. The internal maxillary artery with its branches is to be ex- 

 posed as far as can be done without injury to the external pterygoid muscle, 

 on. whose outer surface it generally lies ; it is frequently, however, covered 

 by it. The gustatory and inferior dental nerves will be seen below the 

 inferior border of the external pterygoid muscle, the latter nerve giving off 

 the mylo-hyoid branch before entering the inferior dental canal, and resting 

 on the fibrous slip commonly known as the internal lateral ligament 

 of the jaw, between which and the jaw the internal maxillary artery 

 likewise passes. Above the superior border of the same muscle will be 

 seen the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries and nerves, arid 

 between the two parts of the same muscle, the buccal nerve and vessels. 

 After the external pterygoid muscle has been examined (p. 182), the 

 temporo-maxillary articulation is to be studied (p. 132), and opened by cut- 

 ting the external lateral ligament and dividing the capsule of the joint above 

 and below the interarticular fibro-cartilage, and the condyle of the jaw is to 

 be disarticulated ; care being taken not to cut the auriculo-temporal division 

 of the inferior maxillary nerve, which is in close contact with the inner side 

 of the capsule (p. 606). The external pterygoid muscle may now be turned 

 forward along with the head of the jaw, and its nerve found ; after which it 

 may be removed. 



The branches of the internal maxillary artery in the vicinity of the ptery- 

 goid muscles are thus brought fully into view, viz. : in the first part of its 



