LARYNX. DEEP MUSCLES, &c., OF HEAD AND NECK. 1059 



The larynx and tongue are to be separated from the upper jaw, and the 

 surface of the tongue and the tonsils examined, as well as such of the 

 intrinsic muscles of the tongue as may be visible (p. 805). The dissectors 

 will then proceed to the study of the larynx, carefully cleaning it (p. 905) ; 

 and after the glottis and true and false vocal cords have been sufficiently 

 inspected, they may remove the mucous membrane, tracing at the same 

 time the distribution of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves, and the 

 laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery. The muscles of the larynx 

 will then be fully dissected. The crico-thyroid, the arytenoid, the aryteno- 

 epiglottidean, and the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles can be seen without 

 injuring the cartilages ; but to expose the lateral crico-arytenoid and the 

 thyro- arytenoid muscles, it is necessary to remove the upper part of one ala 

 of the thyroid cartilage. Lastly, the ventricles and pouches of the larynx 

 are to be examined, the vocal ligaments are to be dissected out, and, the 

 muscular substance having been removed from the cartilages, their uniting 

 ligaments, and the joints by which they move on one another, are to be 

 studied. 



In concluding this stage of the dissection, let a vertical section of the 

 nares and hard palate be made on one side of the septum nasi. Let the 

 meatus of the nose, the nasal duct, and the maxillary antrum be exa- 

 mined (p. 773) ; and, if the subject be in good condition, a view may 

 be obtained of the palatine and naso-palatine branches of the spheno- 

 palatine ganglion, as well as of the distribution of the descending palatine 

 artery in the palate (pp. 603 and 357). 



12. Deep Muscles and articulations of the Neck and Head. The 

 muscles attached to the cervical vertebrae are now to be examined. In 

 front of the vertebral column, the student will observe the scaleni, lougus 

 colli, recti capitis antici major and minor, and rectus lateralis muscles 

 (p. 193) ; then turning to the posterior aspect, he will dissect the remains 

 of the levator anguli scapulae (p. 203), splenius, trachelo-mastoid, and 

 complexus muscles to their attachments (p. 234), and notice the portion 

 of the occipital artery covered by the splenius, with its branch the princepa 

 cervicis (p. 351). The recti capitis postici major and minor, and the 

 obliqui capitis superior and inferior, with the suboccipital nerve supplying 

 them, are to be dissected out (pp. 239 and 632), and the course of the 

 vertebral artery displayed as it lies in the groove of the atlas (p. 367). 

 Lastly, the arches of the vertebrae are to be removed, arid the joints and 

 ligaments examined, especially those between the atlas, axis, and occipital 

 bone, among which the transverse ligament of the atlas and the crucial 

 and odontoid ligaments require particular attention (p. 125). 



II. UPPER LIMBS OR SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES. 



The right and left limbs constitute each a part. Their dissection 

 should extend over a period of not less than four weeks. They each 

 include, along with the limb itself, the axilla or armpit, and the struc- 

 tures which lie between the trunk of the body and the bones of the 

 shoulder and arm. The muscles of the back and the spinal cord are also to 

 be dissected by those having the upper limbs. The omo-hyoid muscle, 

 however, and the upper parts of the trapezius, levator anguli scapulae, 

 splenius, trachelo-mastoid, and complexus muscles should be left uninjured 

 for the dissectors of the head and neck. The inferior boundary of this 

 part on the trunk of the body is indicated by a line passing along the 



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