1076 DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS. 



lumborum muscle. The quadratus lumborum and iliacus muscles are now 

 to be dissected (pp. 255 and 271). On removing the iliacus from the iliac 

 fossa, the distribution of the ilio-lumbar artery will be traced, and its 

 anastomoses with the last lumbar and the circumflex iliac artery exhibited 

 (p. 429). 



8. Dissection of the Pelvis. The pelvis with several of the lumbar verte- 

 brae ought now to be separated from the rest of the trunk, and before 

 proceeding further, the dissector should carefully remove the superfluous 

 masses of muscle and other soft parts adherent to the outer surface of the 

 bones. 



Female Genital Organs. If the subject be a female, the perinseum is first 

 to be dissected. The exact position of the orifice of the urethra is to be 

 examined with reference to the passing of the catheter (p. 980). The fat 

 is to be removed from between the ischium and rectum ; and, as this is 

 being done, the inferior hsemorrhoidal and superficial perineal vessels and 

 nerve will be brought into view (pp. 426 and 670). The sphincter muscles 

 of the rectum and vagina, the levator ani and transversalis muscles, and the 

 obturator fascia will be seen (p. 265). From among the fat on the fore 

 part are to be dissected out the crura of the clitoris and the erector muscles 

 embracing them ; and on the side of the vulva the bulbus vestibuli. The 

 glands of Bartholin are to be sought at the back part of the lower end of 

 the vagina, and the duct of each followed to its orifice by the side of the 

 hymen or carunculse myrtiformes. Internally to the crus clitoridis, the 

 triangular ligament or subpubic fascia will be found extending from the 

 pubic arch to the vagina (pp. 977 and 260). 



The bladder ought now to be partially inflated, and the reflections of the 

 peritoneum in the pelvic cavity examined, especially the posterior, lateral, and 

 anterior false ligaments of the bladder, and in the female the broad ligament 

 of the uterus, with the ovary, Fallopian tube, and round ligament (pp. 947 

 and 985). Let the peritoneum then be reflected from the walls of the pelvis 

 so as to exhibit the lateral and anterior true ligaments of the bladder, and 

 the whole internal aspect of the pelvic fasciae (p. 260). In order to have 

 a complete view of these fasciae, it will be necessary to remove a portion of 

 the os innominatum of the right side. This must be done in such a manner 

 as not to interfere with the attachments of the fasciae : while, therefore, the 

 anterior and lower part of the bone with the acetabulum is to be removed, 

 the brim of the pelvis and the boundary of its outlet are to be preserved, 

 as well as the sacro-sciatic foramina. With a little care, and preliminary 

 observation of the form of the innominate bone, this may be done by means 

 of a single section with the saw, carried close by the brim of the pelvis, and 

 downwards in such a direction as to remove the greater part of the thick- 

 ness of the ischial tuberosity and pass as near as possible to the sacro- 

 sciatic notches, without breaking into them. By this means the hip joint 

 may be removed intact ; and, should it not have been dissected along with 

 the leg, to which it properly belongs, the dissectors of the abdomen will 

 now have an opportunity of examining it ; and may especially observe the 

 action of the ligamentum teres, by removing the deep part of the aceta- 

 bulum, while the capsule of the joint is left intact (p. 151). 



Returning to the pelvis, the opening in its lateral wall is to be enlarged, 

 if necessary, with the bone-nippers, and the obturator internus muscle is to 

 be carefully removed, and the peculiar arrangement of its tendon remarked 

 (p. 269). On the inner aspect of that muscle will be found superiorly the 

 undivided pelvic fascia, inferiorly the obturator fascia, and between the two 



