310 OTT AFTER XXV. 



He thinks that euit dc JareUc for softening membranes is 

 best avoided. They should either be dissected away or left 

 in situ, and cut with the rest of the egg, according to the 

 nature of the case. To avoid brittleness of the yolk proceed 

 as follows : After fixing and treating with alcohol, prick the 

 chorion and stain with borax-carmine. Put the stained ova 

 for twelve hours into a mixture containing 20 c.c. of 70 per 

 cent, alcohol, one drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 

 and a knife pointful of pepsin (it is not necessary that all 

 the pepsin should be dissolved). The ova may then be 

 treated with alcohol, oil of bergarnot, and paraffin, and (with 

 some exceptions, amongst which is Bomlnjx mori) will be 

 found to cut without crumbling. 



627. Diptera (HENKING, Z<it. wiss. Zool., xlvi, 1888, p. 289). 

 Ova still contained within the fly maybe fixed by plunging 

 the animal for some time into boiling water, then dissecting 

 out and bringing them into 70 per cent, alcohol. Laid eggs 

 may have boiling water poured over them, or be put into 

 solution of Flemming in a test-tube which is plunged into 

 boiling water until the eggs begin to darken (about a 

 minute). Cold solution of Flemming easily causes a certain 

 vacuolisation of the contents of the ova. Open the ova at 

 the larger end, stain with borax-carmine for fifteen to thirty 

 hours, and cut in paraffin. 



BRUEL (Zool. Jahrb., AUK. Morph., x, 1897, p. 569) fixes 

 larvaB and pupao in absolute alcohol heated to 70 to 75 C., 

 and containing "a little" sublimate. See also VAN KKIIS, 

 ibid., iii, 1888, p. 10. 



BENGTSSON (Handl. Fyniofjr. Sxlhk Lund., viii, 1897) finds 

 hot alcoholic solution of sublimate (Frenzel's, 69) the best 

 fixative for larvae of Phalacrocera. He could not succeed in 

 softening the chitin with eaii de Javcllc. 



PEREZ (Arch. Zool. eyper., (4), v, 1910, p. 11) fixes pupa* 

 in Bouin's picro-formol, or Marchoux's mixture, for twenty- 

 four hours. 



628. Lepidoptera (BOBRETZKY, Zeit. wiss. Zool., 1879, p. 198). 

 Ova are slightly warmed in water and put for sixteen to 

 twenty hours in 0'5 per cent, chromic acid. The membranes 



can then be removed. 



