METHODS FOR INVERTEBRATES. 465 



animal may be of service, especially in the study of the 

 excretory system. And, as shown by PINTNER, Taeniae may 

 be preserved alive for several days in common water to which 

 a little white of egg* has been added. 



To WE it (Zool. Jahrb.j xiii, 1899, p. 363) has kept Moniezia 

 expansa alive for several days in a mixture of 100 c.c. of 

 tap water, 10 gr. of white of egg, 2 of pepsin, 2 of sugar, 

 and 5 of prepared beef (" Bovox"). Chloride of sodium, he 

 says, should be avoided. 



LONNBERG (Centralb. Baktcriol., xi, 1892, p. 89 ; Journ. 

 BOIJ. Hie. Soc., 1892, p. 281) has kept Trisenophorus nodu- 

 losiis alive for a month in a slightly acid pepsin-peptone 

 solution containing from 3 to 4 per cent, of nutritive matter 

 and less than 1 per cent, of NaCl. 



For the nervous system, TOWER (Zool. Anz., xix, 1896, 

 p. 823) fixes in a picro-platin-osmic mixture (stronger than 

 that of 0. vom RATH, 101) for ten hours, then treats for 

 several hours with crude pyroligneous acid, and lastly with 

 alcohol, and imbeds in paraffin. 



ZERNECKE (Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Anat., ix, 1895, p. 92) kills 

 Ligula in the osmio-bichromic mixture of GOLQI (4 : 1), 

 impregnates as usual, makes sections in liver, and treats them 

 by the hydroquinon process of KALLIUS. Besides the peri- 

 pheral and central nervous system, muscle-fibres, parenchyma 

 cells, and the excretory vascular system are impregnated. 



He has also obtained good results by the methylen-blue 

 method. 



BLOCBMANN (Biol. Centralb., xv, 1895, p. 14) recommends 

 the bichromate and sublimate method of GOLQI. 



See also KOHLER, Zeit. wiss. Zool., Ivii, 1894, p. 386 (stretches Tsenise 

 round a glass plate or on cork, and fixes with 5 per cent, sublimate) ; 

 LTJHE, Centralb. Bald., xxx, 1901, p. 166, and RANSOM, U. S. Nation. 

 Mus. Bull, Ixix, 1909, p. 8. 



891. Trematodes (FISCHER, Zeit. wiss. ZooL, 1884, p. 1). 

 Opisthotrema cochleare may be mounted entire in balsam. 

 For sectioning, he recommends a mass made by dissolving 

 15 parts of soap in 17'5 parts of 96 per cent, alcohol. The 

 sections should be studied in glycerin. 



Lo BIANCO fixes Trematodes with hot saturated sublimate. 



Looss (Arch. mik. Anat., 1895, p. 7) takes for Bilharzia 



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