168 



THE ARTICULATIONS IN GENERAL 



Capsule of the joint 



Capsula articularis 



Frontal articular axis (axis of flexion 



Sagittal articular axis (axis of 

 adduction and abduction) 



Axis of the neck of the humerua 



The humerus _ 

 Humerus 



of rotation 

 Glenoid ligament 



Glenoid ligament 1 

 Labrurn glenoidale 



Axis of the neck of 

 the humerus 



Articular cartilage of 

 the glenoid fossa 



FlG. 390. ENARTHROSIS, 1 OR ARTHRODIA ; BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT. (THE RlGHT SHOULDER-JOINT 

 SEEN FROM BEFORE, THE ANTERIOR HALF OF THE GLENOID FOSSA AND OF THE CAPSULE OF 

 THE JOINT HAVING BEEN REMOVED.) 



Cotyloid ligament 

 Labrum glenoidale 



Capsule of the joint 



Capsula articularis 



Great trochanter 

 Trochanter major 



Frontal articular axis 

 (axis of flexion) 



Axis of the neck of 

 the femur 



The femur 

 Femur 



"Fibrous portion 

 Pars fibrosa 



Synovial portion 



1'ars synovialis 



Articular cartilage of the 

 horseshoe-shaped articular 

 portion of the acetabulum 



Sagittal articular axis (axis 

 of adduction and abduction) 



Interarticular or round 



ligament 

 Lig. teres femoris 



Fossa of the acetabulum 



Fossa acetabuli 



Transverse ligament 



Lig. transversum acetabuli 

 (Labrum glenoidale) 



[of the capsule of the joint 

 I capsulae articularis 



Axis of rotation 



FlG. 391. ENARTHROSIS, 1 OR ARTHRODIA J BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT. (THE RlGHT HlP-JoiNT SEEN 

 FROM BEFORE, THE ANTERIOR HALF OF THE ACETABULUM AND OF THE CAPSULE OF THE JOINT 

 HAVING BEEN REMOVED.) 



1 I have departed a little on this page from the author's terminology, which differs slightly from that in use in England. Both the hip 

 and the shoulder joint are classed by him as examples of ARTICULATIO SFH^LROIDEA, Kugelgelenkh*.., " ball joint "; one of these, the 

 shoulder-joint, in which the concave articular surface is considerably less than a hemisphere in extent, is called by him AKTHRODIA, freies 

 Gelenk lit., " free joint "; while the other, the hip-joint, in which the concave articular surface is considerably more than a hemisphere in 

 extent, is called ENARTHROSIS, Nussgelenk lit., "nut joint." English anatomists do not, as a rule, draw this distinction. The movements 

 of the hip and the shoulder joint are identical in character, and the greater extent of the rigid portion of the enveloping surface in the one case 

 than in the other has not been considered a difference sufficiently important to warrant a separation into two classes. Hence, in England 

 the terms ENARTHROSIS and ARTHRODIA are applied indifferently to all ball-and-socket joints. TK. 



Diarthrosis, or Discontinuous Articulation Articulatio simplex, simple joint ; articulatio 



sphseroidea, 1 ball-and-socket joint. 



