12 LIST OF FIGURES. 



FIG. PAGE 



23. The temporal bone with the exposed tympanum, tympanic antrum, and mastoid cells. The relations of the 



facial nerve, internal jugular vein, and internal carotid artery to the wall of the tympanum may be seen. 



The different areas have been colored yellow, blue, and red respectively facing 60 



24. The anterior cervical region. (The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced slightly downward.) facing 64 



25. The submaxillary and carotid triangles facing 66 



26. A median sagittal section of the neck (formalin preparation) facing 68 



27. The supraclavicular region. The sternocleido-mastoid and the infrahyoid muscles have been removed. . .facing 70 



28. The infraclavicular region facing 70 



29. The axilla and the lateral thoracic wall facing 74 



30. A posterior view of the shoulder with the quadrangular and triangular spaces facing 76 



31. A model of the shoulder-joint and its bursas. The two bursas communicating with the articular cavity as 



well as the joint itself are colored blue. The non-communicating subdeltoid bursa is represented in red. 

 From a Berlin model facing 78 



32. A cross-section through the middle of the arm. (Hardened in formalin.) facing 78 



33. The region of the elbow. (The musculospiral nerve has been drawn up from the depths and made to assume 



a more superficial position.) facing 80 



34. A longitudinal section through the region of the elbow and the humero-ulnar articulation (frozen 



section) facing 82 



35. The anterior aspect of the forearm above the wrist. The ulnar artery and nerve have been made visible 



by displacing the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris facing 84 



36. A cross-section through the middle of the forearm facing 84 



37. The muscles, nerves, vessels, and tendon-sheaths of the palm of the hand. The tendon-sheaths are colored 



blue. The carpal canal has been opened by dividing the anterior annular ligament facing 86 



38. Diagrammatic representation of the joints of the hand 86 



39. Cervical ribs. The seventh cervical vertebra (indicated by the figure 7) articulates with a small cervical rib 



upon the left, and with a complete cervical rib upon the right which reaches to the sternum. The figures i 



and 2 indicate the first two thoracic vertebras 91 



40. A thorax deformed by lacing (after Merkel) 92 



41. A sternum with a foramen in the lower portion of the body of the bone 93 



42. The anterior thoracic wall seen from within. The pleura has been removed facing 94 



43. The right intercostal region. In the upper of the three intercostal spaces represented the pleura is still intact; 



in the second it has been removed; in the third, the internal intercostal muscle as well as the pleura has been 

 taken away facing 94 



44. The diaphragm and the inferior half of the pericardium seen from above. Formalin preparation (child) 98 



45. A diagrammatic representation of the projections of the heart, of the pleural limits, and of the lungs upon the 



anterior thoracic wall. The lung is indicated by yellow, and the pleura by red, lines. The lungs are repre- 

 sented in a state of moderate distention so that their borders correspond to a position midway between deepest 

 expiration and deepest inspiration facing 100 



46. A diagrammatic representation of the projections of the pleural limits, of the lungs, and of the bifurcation of the 



trachea upon the posterior thoracic wall. The lung is indicated by yellow and the pleura by red, 



lines facing 100 



47. The median surface of the right lung. 1 



48. The median surface of the left lung, f From P laster casts < His ) /*'* IO2 



49. A view of the dorsal surface of a frontal section of the thorax 105 



50. A cross-section of the thorax at the level of the nipples. (The right lung is somewhat enlarged at the expense 



of the left one) 107 



51. The dorsal half of a frontal section of the pericardium with the large vessels. An opening has been made in the 



posterior wall of the pericardium so that the esophagus is exposed. Formalin preparation 109- 



52. The anterior thoracic wall with the pericardium and the diaphragm seen from within. The dashed and dotted 



lines represent the anterior pleural limits; between them, at the level of the fifth left costal cartilage, is the site 



for aspiration of the pericardial cavity (formalin preparation) 1 10 



53. A cross-section of the thorax at the level of the tracheal bifurcation (frozen section) The left lung was dis- 



eased at its apex and diminished in size as a whole; the right lung was correspondingly enlarged in 



54. The pharynx, esophagus, trachea, and aorta seen from behind facing 114 



