THE COMMON SWIFT MOTH. 23 



of the stem. The dirty white larvae appear at the end of July or 

 early in August, and at once commence to bore galleries in the tree. 

 They invariably commence low down on the tree, and often form large 

 cavities on one side of the tree only, later passing up the centre of 

 the stem. Young trees in consequence suffer considerably from the 

 wind, being broken off where these cavities occur. 



The larvae remain active in the galleries until the May of the 

 third year, when they pupate, forming a cocoon of the wood dust. 

 Very occasionally the larvae pupate in the ground. 



PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL MEASURES. 



Wherever the moth is suspected, the lower portions of saplings 

 and young trees should be smeared over with a mixture of clay, 

 paraffin, and soft soap, made into a thick paint. 



Saplings badly attacked are best cut down and burnt. 



Towards the end of June the moths may be seen on the tree trunks, 

 and should be destroyed. 



THE COMMON SWIFT MOTH. 



Hepialus lupulmus, Linn. 



A correspondent forwarded in April the larvae of this moth feed- 

 ing upon the roots of Phlox and Budbeckias, where it had done much 

 harm. It has also been reported as damaging Daffodils and other 

 garden plants. 



Wherever suspected the soil should be turned over, and the larvae 

 collected and destroyed. Dressing the soil with Vaporite will also 

 prove effective. 



THE COMMON YAPOURER MOTH. 



Orgyia antiqua, Linn. 



The larvae of this moth have been sent in by many correspon- 

 dents. In most cases Apple and Plum trees were attacked, but Rose, 

 Lime, and Poplar trees have been damaged. 



LIFE-HISTORY. 



The female deposits her somewhat flattened eggs in numbers vary- 

 ing from 250 to 300. Usually they are deposited on or close to the 

 cocoon from which she has emerged. They hatch out in from fourteen 

 to twenty-one days, but not un frequently some remain unhatched until 

 the following year, as first pointed out, I believe, by Newman. 



