GEOLOGICAL CLIMATE. 



\Beinga Paper read before the Geological Society oj 'Glasgow , 

 February 22, 1877.] 



THE subject on which I am to speak to you this 

 evening, is one which has interested and exercised 

 geologists from the very beginning of their science. 

 We find in geological strata many evidences of 

 differences of climate through different periods of 

 past time ; and strenuous endeavours have been 

 made to account for those differences. The 

 subject has acquired a special interest within the 

 last few months, through the return of the Arctic 

 expedition bringing evidences of a very warm 

 climate, probably as warm as we have it now in 

 the tropics, within nine degrees of the North Pole. 

 It had been well known that places far north as 

 for instance Melville Island and Prince Patrick's 

 Island, within fifteen degrees of the pole, had at 



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