NA VI G A TION. 63 



used as the centre leading mark for the South 

 Channel when brought in one with the Paps, 

 bearing about E. by N.f N. A large conspicuous 

 cypress tree stands a third of a mile to the 

 eastward of Jacob's Ladder, and when in line 

 with the Paps, bearing about E.N.E., is used as 



the southern turning mark for the South Channel. 



***** 



" The dome of Estrella is an excellent mark, 

 and readily distinguished by its great size, being 

 the largest dome in Lisbon, and towering above 

 all other buildings in the city ; when in one 



with Bugio Fort it bears E.JN. 



***** 



" The South Channel is the principal passage 

 into the river. On entering it with a fair wind, 

 and rounding the southern extremity of the 

 North Cachopo, keep the Peninha (or western 

 part of the mountains of Cintra), bearing N.|E., 

 and open westward of Cascaes Fort, until Bugio 

 Fort comes in one with the Estrella dome E.JN. 

 Then steer towards Bugio, keeping it in one with 

 the Estrella dome, in which line the bar con- 



