ay SHIP WA VES. 499 



instead of having vertical sides making the 

 breadth of beam say five feet more below the 

 water than at the water line there may be 

 obtained a large addition to the displacement 

 or carrying power of the ship, with very little 

 addition to the wave disturbance, and therefore, 

 with very little addition to the wave resistance, 

 which is most important at high speeds. I think 

 it may be worth while to consider this in regard to 

 the designs of ships. 



In conclusion, I should like to urge you to 

 look at these phenomena for yourselves. Look 

 at the beautiful wave-pattern of capillary waves, 

 which you will find produced by a fishing line 

 hanging vertically from a rod, or from an oar, or 

 from anything carried by a vessel moving slowly 

 through smooth water at speeds of from about -J- 

 knot to 2 knots an hour. Again, look at the 

 equally beautiful wave-pattern produced by ships 

 and boats, as illustrated in Fig. 48. But you 

 can scarcely see the phenomena more beautifully 

 manifested than by a duck and ducklings. A full 



K K 2 



