THE DIVISIBILITY OK CHARACTERS. 



221 



neck-mark of the adult may there be noted. The common x Japanese hybrid has 

 the color-marks of the mother, but so washed out that one can hardly perceive that 

 there is a distinct mark; still it is there, as may be seen by reference to pi. 35. 

 The edges of the feathers are somewhat lighter than the basal portions; this, too, is 

 in the direction of orientalis. On the neck one finds also an intermediate differen- 

 tiation of the feathers toward the turtle-dove pattern in the number of the rows; 

 and finally, the feathers of this region are found to have dark basal port ons with 

 slightly iridescent tips. These several characters, therefore, are easily divided in 

 the first cross. 



When we cross the female turtle-dove with the ring-dove (St. risoria) we get 



TEXT-FIGURE 11. 



1 



Neck-mark of adult male 81. alba (l)-rinoria (J) 

 - T. tnrtur ( '. ) hybrid (J 1). Same bird as shown 

 in colored pi. 37, fig. A. Age 11 months. Natural 

 size. Hayashi del., Apr. 1902. 

 Sire: St. alba-rixoria x risoria-alba (D 2). 

 Dam: T. turtiir (T I-B 1). 



The figure shows the position, proportions, and 

 intermediate nature of the neck-mark. Detailed de- 

 scription is given in connection with this mark drawn 

 flat, figure 2. 



1'. Neck-mark of same bird as figure 1 and color pi. 37, 



fig. A; age 13.5 months. Natural size. Hayashi 



del.. July 1902. 



The mark comprises 5 rows of feathers: 



First row (lower) shows but little of the dark color, 

 which is mostly or wholly concealed when the head 

 and neck are in the usual position. 



Second row shows 9 black on right, 8 on left. 



Third row (central) shows 7 black on each side. 



Fourth row shows 7 black on each side; the two 

 middle (dorsal) feathers are usually covered, but are 

 here exposed. 



Fifth row (upper) shows no black; in color these are 

 midway between the spot-feathers and the general 

 neck-feathers; i.e., the color is merely whitened a 

 little, no black visible, and the differentiation is not so 

 strong as in the other rows. 



There are here two separate marks, nearly confluent 

 in the third and fourth rows. 



>- 



two different colors. One is a little darker than the other, and this is the main 

 difference between them. All of the light ones turn out to be females, and most, 

 at least, of the dark ones are males. In pi. 12 one of these males is shown; it is 

 plainly intermediate in size, color, and neck-mark. The neck-mark is shown in 

 flat and side views in text-fig. 9. PI. 13 displays these characteristics, leaning 

 somewhat toward orientalis, in a male hybrid of the reciprocal cross. The cross 

 between the Japanese turtle and the blond ring-dove leads to a reduction in the 

 extent of the neck-spots in the hybrid as compared with the Japanese species. 

 There is also less white at the tips of the feathers. The spots extend a little farther 

 back on the neck than in orientalis; they very nearly meet in some cases. All these 

 characters, therefore, undergo division in a first cross. 



When the Japanese turtle-dove is crossed with the white ring-dove the chief 



