SYNOPSIS. Xlll. 



Gen. jo. FRINGILLA. Bill short, strong, thick at the 

 base, conic, sometimes advancing on the forehead : nostrils 

 basal, round, placed near the forehead, partly hid by bristly 

 feathers directed forwards: tarsus shorter than the middle 

 toe; anterior toes entirely divided: wings short; third or 

 fourth quill longest: tail more or less forked. 



* Bill very thick; sides convex. 



F. Coccothraustes, Temm. v. i, p. 241 



F. Chloris, Temm. v. i, p. 243 



F. domestica, Linn. - v. i, p. 245 



F. montana, I Ann. - v. i, p. 248 



* * Bill short, straight, cylindrical, often conic throughout. 

 F. Ccelebs, Linn. v. i, p. 249 

 F. Montifringilla, Linn. v. i, p. 251 

 F. cannabina, Linn. - - v. i, p. 253-255 

 F. Montium, Gmel. v. i, p. 257 

 F. Linaria, Linn. v. i, p. 259 

 F. borealis, Temm. 



*** Bill conic, straight, long, compressed; tip of both 

 mandibles sharp. 



F. Spinus, Linn. v. i, p. 261 



* F. Canada, Linn. v. i, p. 263 



F. Carduelis, Linn. - v. i, p. 265 



ORDER V. ZYGODACTYLI. 



BILL various, more or less arched, often straight 

 and angular: two toes before and two behind; 

 the outer hind toe often reversible. 



Q eHm j/._ CUCULUS. Bill as long as the head, com- 

 pressed, somewhat curved, and slightly hooked at the tip; 

 gape wide: nostrils basal, surrounded by a naked and pro- 

 minent membrane: tarsi short, feathered a little below the 



