SYNOPSIS. XV. 



Gen. 34. S1TTA. Bill straight, conic, rather strong, 

 depressed at the base, tip sharp: nostrils basal, rounded, 

 covered by hairs and small feathers: three toes before and 

 one behind; the outer toe joined at its base to the middle 

 one, hind toe very long, with the claw large and much bent: 

 tail short, nearly even : first quill very short, second shorter 

 than the third and fourth, which are longest. 



S. Europaea, Linn. - v. i, p. 285 



. 35. CERTHIA. Bill more or less bent, angulated, 

 compressed, slender, sharp-pointed: nostrils basal, lateral, 

 half closed by an arched membrane: three toes before and 

 one behind; the outer toe joined at its base to the middle 

 one, hind toe strong, and longer than the others : tail fea- 

 thers stiff, pointed, and bent downwards: first quill very 

 short, fourth longest. 



C. familiaris, Linn. - v. i, p, 287 



Gen. 36. UPUPA. Bill very long, slightly curved, slen- 

 der, triangular, compressed, convex above, sharp-pointed: 

 nostrils basal, lateral, oval: crown furnished with a crest: 

 three toes before and one behind; the outer toe united to 

 the middle one as far as the first joint; claws short, not 

 much hooked; hind one almost straight: tail square, com- 

 posed of ten feathers: wings large; first quill very short, 

 second and third shorter than the fourth and fifth, which are 

 longest. 



U. Epops, Linn. - . v. i,p. 289 



ORDER VII. ALCYONES. 



BILL moderate or long, pointed, almost quad- 

 rangular, slightly bent or straight: tarsi very 

 short; three toes before and one behind, the 

 anterior ones united. 



