350 BRITISH BIRDS. 



feathers, which, when erected, form a crest; at 

 other times they are laid flatly down, and fall over 

 the nape of the neck : these feathers are of a glossy 

 bottle green; the cheeks, throat, and upper fore 

 part of the neck are dull black; the lower part of 

 the neck, the breast, belly, vent, and inner coverts 

 of the wings, of a beautiful cream colour : the 

 upper part of the back, and adjoining scapulars, 

 are fine glossy black: the others bordering on the 

 wing, white: the coverts at the setting on of the 

 wing, black; the rest pure white: the secondary 

 quills the same, narrowly edged with black; 

 primaries dusky : the middle of the back and rump 

 are ash colour; from the thighs to the sides of the 

 tail, waved and freckled with ash and white: the 

 tail consists of eighteen dark bluish grey feathers : 

 the legs and feet are deep scarlet, like sealing-wax. 

 Willoughby says " It hath a huge bony labyrinth 

 on the wind-pipe, just above the divarications; and 

 the wind-pipe hath besides two swellings out, one 

 above another, each resembling a powder puff/' 



The Goosander is an inhabitant of the cold 

 northern latitudes, and seldom makes its appear- 

 ance in the temperate or more southern climates, to 

 which it is driven only by the inclemency of the 

 weather, in severe winters, in search of those parts 

 of rivers or lakes which are not bound up by the 

 frost. It leaves this country early in the spring, 

 and goes northward to breed, and is never seen 

 during the summer months in any part of England ; 

 but in hard winters (which the appearance of these 

 birds presages) they are commqn on the fresh 

 water pools, rivers, and fens in the East Riding of 

 Yorkshire, and on the fens of Eincolnshire. Their 



