102 BACTERIOLOGY OF THE EYE 



wounds. The difficulties which lie in the way when preparing an 

 efficient serum, the theoretical grounds for its action, and the experi- 

 ence of its use, will be given in the chapter on the ' Cornea.' 



Deutschmann (Miinch. Mcd. Woch., 1907, No. 22) has lately brought 

 forward a serum which he considers very valuable for wound infec- 

 tions of varying nature ; it is produced by the injection of Hcfre. into 

 animals. The cases yet published do not allow us to form a definite 

 conclusion regarding it. Details of experiments on animals are not 

 given, and further information must be waited for. 



In those rare cases where Tetanus l has followed a wound of the eye 

 or its appendages, which begin with that pecular clinical facial type 

 of the disease, the Bacillus has been several times demonstrated by 

 pure cultures, or by inoculations. With a splinter of wood removed 

 from the orbit Michel obtained a typical infection in a mouse. Pes 

 found B. tctani on fragments of rushes in an orbital exudation, and 

 Eamsay found them in pus from a wound. Oiler, on the contrary, 

 could not find any organisms. Ulbrich rightly tried the result of an 

 anaerobic bouillon culture of a portion of the tissue in such a case, 

 injecting T % c.cm. of the bouillon, two days old, into a mouse The 

 animal died of tetanus, thus proving the case. Ulbrich has experiment- 

 ally demonstrated that tetanus is not produced by a pure culture of 

 Bacillus tctani in the vitreous or anterior chamber. An intentional 

 mixture with Snbtilis, which always had a positive result when injected 

 subcutaneously, produced no tetanus. Only once did such occur by a 

 chance contamination. In the eye itself the reaction was only slight, 

 although the bacilli were present till the eighth day, and their spores 

 for five weeks. 



The antitoxic sera of Behring, Kitasato, and Pasteur can be 

 used in treating tetanus. Their effects are uncertain when the 

 disease has broken out. Kocher and E. Levy, therefore, advocate 

 the use of these sera in injuries which have been infected with earth 

 and dirt. 



1 Marx, Inaug. Dissert., Berlin, 1893. Froniaget, Archives d'Oplith., 1894, xiv. 658 (see 

 here the older literature). Chevalier, These de Bordeaux, 1894. Keiper, Ann. ofOphtli., 

 1895, iv. 336... Santos Fernandez, ibid., 1896, v. 335. Darier, Ann. d'Ocul., 1897, 

 cxvii. 444. Oiler, Arch. f. Aucjenh., 1905, li., S. 121. Ulbrich, Verhandl. d. Ophtli. 

 Gesellsch. in Heidelberg, 1905, S. 256. Wagenmann, ibid. Schmidt-Rimpler, Ophth. 

 Kongr., Heidelberg, 1904. Genth, Zeit. f. Aucjcnh., 1903, ix., S. 55 (cf. here cases of 

 Dahlhaus, Pollack, Schnitzler, Roberts). Axenfeld, ' Serumtherapie Infekt. Augenerkr.,' 

 Freiburg, 1905, S. 28. Newman, Brit. Med. Jour., 1904, ii., S. 1519. Ramsay, A. M., 

 The Ophthalmoscope, 1905, iii. 537. Michel, Berl. Ophth. Gesellsch., September, 1905, ref. 

 K. M.f. A. Worms, These dc Lyon, 1905 (cf. here further literature). Gerok, Koenigs- 

 hoefer, E. Levy, ' Vers. "Wiirtt. Augenarzte,' K. M. f. A., January, 1907, Bd. i. Mayweg, 

 K. M.f. A., July, 1907, Bd. ii. 



