358 BACTERIOLOGY OF THE EYE 



Greef and Clausen (Deutsche Med. Woch., 1906, No. 36) such a small 

 quantity of material was inoculated, and the Spirochata were found 

 in such numbers in all the layers of the cornea that an active pro- 

 liferation must be admitted. (Their inoculations consisted in scarifying 

 the iris with the injecting needle, in rubbing syphilitic material into 

 epithelial wounds, and in introducing small pieces of material from 

 buboes into the anterior chamber.) In the eye into which the piece 

 of tissue was introduced a central corneal perforation occurred ; when 

 the other method of inoculation was used, a deep keratitis occurred 

 after five weeks' interval, and numerous spirals were found in 

 tangential sections (Greef and Clausen quite exclude all possibility of 

 the appearances being due to fibrous tissue or nerve-endings). 



Further confirmatory inoculations of the same nature are recorded 

 by von Growven (Deutsche Med. Woch., 1907, Yereinsbeilage, p. 911), 

 Tomaczewski (Munch. Med. Woch., 1907, p. 1023). 



The experiments quoted 1 show that it is possible to infect rabbits' 

 eyes with syphilis. Haensell (A. f. 0., 1881, xxxvii., 3) described 

 such inoculation changes clinically and histologically, and Schultze 

 (K. M. f. A., 1905, Bd. ii., S. 252, and Berl. Klin. Woch., 1906, 

 No. 82) experimentally proved and recorded its inoculation. In one 

 respect the inference from his experiments was quite different from 

 that of the former authors. He does not report having found the 

 Spirochaeta, which, with Siegel and Baling, he considered a casual 

 contamination, or else an artifact in the connective tissues (silver 

 Spirochcetce). He reports finding the so-called Cytorrhyctes luis 

 (Seigel). For the details of Schultze's paper, the original in the 

 K. M.f. A., 1905, must be consulted. 



Weighty reasons are given by Levaditi, Gierke, 2 and other com- 

 petent authors for the rejection of these arguments of Schultze and 

 Salings. Their statement that more attention should be paid to 

 nerve fibres in silver preparations is quite right. 



Preparations are made of the exudations from the tissues, or the 

 tissues themselves. In the case of non-ulcerative processes, we can 

 aspirate or apply a vesicatorium, and then use the contents of the 

 vesicle produced. 



Spirochcetce have only been found rarely and sparsely in gummatous 

 lesions. When the Spirochata have uudergone an alteration for a 



1 Schucht (Munch, Med. Woch., 1907, p. 110), by corneal and anterior chamber inocula- 

 tions, often obtained a keratitis parenchymatosa after nineteen to forty-three days. Iritis 

 could be developed from the anterior chamber, and also from the vitreous ; later, a keratitis 

 parenchymatosa, with ftpirochccta (according to Giemsa and Levaditi), resulted. On several 

 occasions gummatous or condylomatous changes were developed in the iris. 



2 Berlin. Klin. Woch., 1907, p. 75. 



