ENDOGENOUS INFECTIONS 363 



a protozoon belonging to the group of the Flagellatse, and which, 

 according to Schaudinn and others, is closely related to the Spiro- 

 chceta. In this we have discovered a means of producing keratitis 

 parenchymatosa experimentally from the blood ; with it is associated 

 a severe inflammation of the uveal tract, especially of the iris and the 

 ciliary body. Stock has demonstrated Trypanosoma brucei in the 

 aqueous of dogs ; he also found them in sections of inoculated mice, 

 but not in the cornea. In these cases the keratitis appears to be due 

 to a toxic action of the aqueous, in the same way as was the haema- 

 togenous tuberculosis of the iris in Stock's experiments. Stargardt 

 found the Tr. evansii in the cornea of the guinea-pig, and Morax 

 reports similarly on the Trypanosoma in the goat. Stargardt states 

 that the Tr. evansii, like the Spirocliata pallida in syphilitic infants, 

 when occurring in association with an iritis, is most commonly found 

 in the deeper layers of the cornea. Stock, on the other hand, has 

 since found the Tr. brucei in the anterior layers of the cornea without 

 an iritis. Keratitis can occur alone, due to the Trypanosoma (Ann. 

 de Vlnstit. Pasteur, January, 1907, xxi. ; Milncli. Mcd. Wocli., 1907, 

 No. 21 ; Soc. d'Ophth. de Paris, March, 1907.) 



In smear preparations from the aqueous or from the blood, the demonstration of 

 the Trypanosoma is best accomplished by means of the Giemsa stain (cf. ' Tech- 

 nique,' p. 18). In sections it is best to use the polychrome methyl-blue method 

 (Stargardt stains for twelve hours, rapidly dries, and then immerses in absolute 

 alcohol for a very short time). The most certain method is to inoculate a 

 mouse with the material (aqueous fluid), and later to examine its blood for the 

 Trypanosoma. 



It was known, as Stargardt and Morax have shown, that not only 

 blepharoconjunctivitis, but also severe inflammations of the globe, 

 occur in diseases of animals, which we now know to be due to Trypano- 

 soma (Nagana, Surra, Suma, Mai de Caderas, Dourine, the Syphilis 

 of horses). Morax reports that he found many Trypanosomce in the 

 secretions of this form of conjunctivitis, when not purely secondary to 

 an infection of the globe ; Stargardt only found the organisms in the 

 tissues. The results varied in different animals and in different 

 Trypanosonue, similarly in the inflammations of the globa, which 

 usually occur several weeks after an infection. 



In sleeping sickness, the trypanosomiasis of man, such changes in 

 the eye have never been observed ; there has been at most a lid 

 oedema. By direct inoculation of the virus of this disease, the 

 Trypanosoma gambiense, into the anterior chamber, Romer and Leber 

 have produced keratitis parenchymatosa. The method of action from 

 the blood-stream has not been determined. 



