BIUCHIONID.E. 58 



The pectoral margin, in Ehrenberg'a drawing, cannot strictly be said to show 

 spines ; but it is notched so as to have six very small projections. The four occipital 

 spines are of nearly equal length ; and the very long posterior spines spring from the 

 outer corners of the dorsal surface. Three short spines surround the opening for the 

 foot. Cohn thinks that Ehrenberg has made a mistake in giving this Brachionus three 

 spines round the foot-opening, and has himself described (21), as poly acanthus, a 

 Brachionus which has only two spines at the foot-opening. 



It is clear, however, from his description and drawing, that Cohn's animal is the 

 variety of B. pala given in PL XXVIII. fig. 3. Ehrenberg says that the unci are four- 

 toothed, and the gastric glands nearly circular. He makes no remark about the foot, 

 but draws it jointed, like that of B. militaris or Noteus quadricornis. 1 



Length, T i^ inch. Habitat. Berlin (Ehr.). 



B. COSTULATUS, Elchwald (167), (PI. XXXIV. fig. 21). SP. CH. Lorica with six 

 short nearly equal occipital spines, and diminishing to a rounded, spineless end, behind; 

 longitudinal ridges run from the tip of each spine to the points of a zig-zag transverse 

 ridge just below the level of the eye ; foot with four to six toes. I give this description 

 from Eichwald's, but it is difficult to believe in a Brachionus with half-a-dozen toes. 

 The transverse ridge is the boundary of a series of tessellations which cover the lorica, 

 but which are not given in the drawing, as they were rendered obscure by the viscera 

 and contained food. Near St. Petersburg. 



B. PLICATILIS, Mobius (117)=.B. Miilleri. There are two remarkable statements in 

 Herr Mobius' otherwise able memoir, which I think must be errors. In the first place, 

 he considers the free end of the dorsal antenna to be the mouth. This needs no com- 

 ment. In the second, he draws, and describes, no fewer than four other dorsal antennae, 

 viz. the two usual antennae on the lumbar regions, and two more in the neck, on either 

 side of the mastax. These latter are due, I think, to some error of observation. Cer- 

 tainly there was nothing of the kind in the specimens of Miilleri that I obtained from 

 brackish ditches in Bedminster, near Clifton. 

 B. CHILENSIS, Schmarda (135)=slight var. of B. Bakeri. 

 B. TESTUDO, Ehrenberg (43) ; B. BIDENS, Plate (126) ; B. MINIMUS, Bartsch (8). 



All these appear to be examples of B. angularis. 



B. JAMAICENSIS ; B. NICARAGUENSIS ; B. SYENENSis ; Schmarda (135, 134). All 

 these three species of Schmarda's seem but varieties of urceolaris. 



B. DIACANTHUS, Schmarda (135) ; B. DECIPIENS, Plate (126) ; B. MABGOI, Daday (82). 

 All these appear to be varieties of the very variable form B. pala ; see vol. ii. p. 117. 

 B. LOTHARINGIUS, Imhof (179)=J3. dorcas. 

 B. HEPATOTOMUS, Gosse (54) =B. Miilleri. 



B. GLEAsoNii=4wwraa Gleasonii, Up de Graf (149), (PL XXXIV. fig. 22). SP. CH. 

 Dorsal plate of lorica rough, arched, oblong-square in outline, with the two posterior 

 corners cut off, and four curved spines projecting from the four angles thus formed ; 

 anterior margin, of each plate, spineless, but with a median projecting cusp ; a curved 

 spine on the mid-dorsal line ; ventral plate smooth, flat. 



This curious creature was discovered at Elmira in 1883 by Dr. Up de Graf, who 

 states that the ventral plate ends in a long tapering straight spine. Mr. C. M. Vorce, 

 however, to whom I am indebted for a drawing, says that this so-called spine is only a 

 jointed foot, like that of Noteus. 



1 I had thought of removing B. militaris and B. polyacanthus from the genus Brachionus, on 

 account of their jointed, unwrinkled foot, like that of a Noteus. But after I had seen Mr. Kousselet's 

 B. quadratics, with its jointed foot, wrinkled at the base, I thought it better to make no change ; 

 especially as I have never seen B. militaris or B. polyqcanthus. 



