HEALTH AND SANITATION 59 



contaminated water especially springs and wells and 

 through carelessness in handling food supplies especially 

 milk. If the discharges from every typhoid-fever patient 

 were thoroughly disinfected, every community would be 

 free from the disease, except when it was brought from 

 outside its borders. 



EXERCISE 



1. The death rate from typhoid fever in the United States 

 during the year 1910 was 23 out of each 100,000 persons. 

 What per cent of the population died from typhoid fever ? 



2. In a certain state the death rate from typhoid fever 

 was 45 out of each 100,000 persons. In the year 1911 this 

 state reported 1035 deaths from typhoid fever. What was 

 the population of the state ? 



3. In the state mentioned in problem 2, the State Board 

 of Health estimated a loss of $28,450,950 to the state in 

 deaths, doctors 7 bills, and loss of time of those ill from pre- 

 ventable diseases. What was the cost of this carelessness per 

 capita, if equally distributed among the entire population ? 



4. In a village of 400 inhabitants who were indifferent 

 to the laws of sanitation, surface water was allowed to seep 

 into the wells, surface closets were used, the majority of the 

 kitchens were unscreened, and flies in abundance visited 

 closets and kitchens alike. During one summer there were 

 5 severe cases of typhoid fever. Estimate what the unsani- 

 tary conditions of the village cost 5 citizens, if the expense 

 items were as follows for each fever patient : 84 da. of lost 

 time at $1.50 per day ; $30 in doctors' bills ; 3 wk. of special 

 nursing at $20 per week ; and $15 for other charges. 



5. A prominent physician has estimated that the average 

 well man loses 5 da. each year from work on account of head- 

 aches, toothaches, colds, and other similar minor ailments. 



