ANTARCTIC FISHES OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 323 



PSYCHROLUTIDiE. 



48. Neophi~ynichthys mwrnoratus, sp. n. 



Neophrynichthys lotus (non Button), Giinth., Proe. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 20, pi. \. 



In this species the dermal appendages on the head and anterior part of the body are 

 much larger and set further apart than in N. latus. Another striking difference is the 

 narrower interorbital region, its width measuring only of the length of the head in 

 N. marmoratus, but f in its congener from New Zealand. The dorsal rays number 

 IX-X, 15-16, the anal 11 or 12 ; the caudal is more rounded than in N. latus. 



The irregular marbling gives this fish a very different appearance from the New 

 Zealand form, with its definite pale spots separated by a brown network. 



Three specimens, two in the British Museum collection, from the Straits of 

 Magellan, 320 and 390 mm. in total length, and one of 160 mm. obtained by the Scotia 

 at Station 346, 54 25' S., 57 32' W., Burdwood Bank, 56 fathoms; surface 

 temperature 41 '8 F. ; otter trawl ; 1st December 1903. 



II. A REVISION OP THE ZOARCHXE OF SOUTHERN AMERICA AND THE ANTARCTIC. 



The Zoarcidse are principally a northern family, and so far as I am aware none is 

 known from South Africa, Australia, or New Zealand. Two northern deep-water genera, 

 Lycenchelys and Melanostigma, are represented in the Antarctic Regions, but the littoral 

 species, with those of South America and the adjacent islands, all belong to genera 

 distinct from the northern ones.* There has hitherto been much confusion as to the 

 characters of these genera and species, which it is the object of this revision to clear up. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



I. Pelvic fins present ; mouth subtenninal. 



A. Snout and lower jaw without fringes. 



1. Origin of dorsal fin well behind base of pectoral ; gill-opening cleft 



downward nearly or quite to lower end of base of pectoral. 

 Teeth uniserial or biserial in jaws, uniserial on palatines ; tail long and 



slender . 1. Lycenchelys. 



Teeth in jaws triserial ; two teeth near anterior end of each palatine ; tail 



moderately elongate 2. Ophthalmolycus. 



2. Origin of dorsal fin above base or anterior part of pectoral ; gill- 



opening cleft downward at least to middle of base of pectoral. 

 a. Mouth large, with wide lateral cleft ; gill-opening cleft down- 

 wards almost or quite to lower end of base of pectoral ; 

 teeth in jaws uniserial, with anterior canines in the upper 

 and lateral canines in the lower. 



* The habitat of Gymnelis pictus, Giinth., is unknown, and there is no justification whatever for the statement 

 that it comes from Magellan Straits. 



(ROY. soc. EUIN. TRANS., VOL. XLIX., 241.) 



