24 



BROUWER and WING EASTON 



the hut a deep ditch should be dug exactly below the farthest edges 

 of the roof, having a drainage to the lower grounds. 



Never neglect giving a feast (slamatan) to the workmen immediately 

 after the building is ready. This is necessary in order to remain 

 on friendly terms with the evil spirits! 



Of course the bivouac should be built near running water and 

 the spot should be chosen personally. The camp for the workmen 

 should be made down-stream. If possible the traveller's house should 

 be built on a tributary streamlet, and that of the workmen on the head- 

 river. See to it that the latter is situated 

 Ig * ' , on the leeside of the former. Round the 



whole bivouac a broad space should be 

 cleared, first for the sake of health, secondly 

 to get rid of the insects to some extent, 

 and thirdly to furnish an opportunity of 

 drying clothes, materials and food. 



11. SURVEYING. 



It is not only a great convenience, but 

 sometimes necessary to have a small re- 

 cepticle during the expedition for surveying- 

 book, sketchbook, note-book, etc. and further 

 for pencils, scales, India-rubber and the 

 like trifles. For this purpose a little zinc 

 box (tin soon gets rusty) should be ordered, 

 as illustrated, with nicely fitting cover c 

 (&& 2). The space b is so deep and wide, 

 that a couple of the necessary surveying 

 books, sketchbooks, and a couple of notebooks easily go in; the 

 space a serves for the other things mentioned. Through the eyes p, 

 which are soldered to the sides and the bottom, runs a piece of 

 tape or string to carry it by. 



As the existing maps will be found but rarely suited for detail- 

 research, it will often be necessary for those who travel with 

 geological or geographical purposes, and find no time for accurate 

 surveys to draw a rather reliable map in the first place of the road 

 followed with its nearest surroundings and sometimes of such other 

 portions of the land as may be thought necessary. Therefore such 

 travellers should practise, preferably before starting, the method of 

 surveying by pacing, aided only by a common geological compass, 

 and should also be familiar with the estimating of heights. 



cross-section. 



