108 NATURE STUDY AND AGRICULTURE 



her chewing when she is standing still or lying down ? She 

 really chews her food over again. How does a cow drink ? 

 They like plenty of clean, fresh water. Notice the thick 

 coat of hair. Do you think this would be as warm as your 

 own coats and jackets? 



Circumstances will determine procedure in the study of 

 milk as the thing which the cow gives us. In cities where 

 milk is delivered in bottles the study is necessarily more 

 limited than in the country. The different prices of milk 

 and cream may be considered; the times of delivery; the 

 habits of the milkman ; how soon must he begin his work in 

 the morning and where does he load his wagon? See 

 how the milk is kept in the wagon. If possible observe 

 milk trains and the cans in which milk is shipped in from 

 the country. Note the difference in the appearance of 

 milk after standing in bottles overnight. In smaller towns 

 where many people keep cows some of the children will 

 have experience in carrying milk to the neighbors. Who 

 does the milking ? What is done with the milk after it is 

 brought into the house? Is it strained and put away or 

 measured and sent out to customers ? What care is taken 

 to keep the milk clean? 



What are the uses of milk ? Let the children name all 

 they know. How is butter made? Have the children 

 make butter by stirring some sour cream rapidly. This 

 may be done by placing the cream in a quart jar and stir- 

 ring with a cake spoon, or it may be accomplished by 

 shaking the jar vigorously, in which case the jar should not 

 be more than two thirds full. Cheese may also be made 

 in the schoolroom. Heat sweet milk to about 84 F. Put 

 a little rennet in the milk to curdle it. (Rennet may be 



