THE OFFICES OF THE PLANT 109 



luxuries or accessories, as quinces, cauliflowers, 

 glass-house vegetables ; condiments, as spices ; 

 beverage products, as cider, wine. 



177. Plants or plant -products may be food 

 for animals, as grains, ground feed, fodders, 

 forage or field pasturage. 



56. As articles used in the arts 



178. Plants may afford textiles or fibers, as 

 cotton, hemp, flax, jute ; wood, lumber and 

 timber ; medicines, as quinine, opium, ginger. 



5c. As articles or objects to gratify cesthetic tastes 



179. Plants are the source of most per- 

 fumery, and of many dyes and paints. 



180. Plants are themselves useful as orna- 

 mental subjects. They may be grown for their 

 effects as individuals or single specimens, as a 

 tree, a shrub, or a plant in a pot ; or for their 

 effects in masses in the landscape. 



181. Plants are useful for their flowers or 

 ornamental fruits. The flowers may be desired 

 in mass effects, as single specimen plants, or as 

 cut -flowers. The growing of plants for their 

 effects as individuals or for cut -flowers is 

 floriculture ; the growing of them for their com- 

 bined or mass effects in the open (or on the 

 lawn) is landscape horticulture (9). 



