THE OFFICES OF THE ANIMAL 207 



bone, as raw, boiled, steamed bone, bone ash and bone-black ; 

 also, dried fish. 



351a. With all the remarks which have now been made on 

 weeds (22b, 101, lOla, 117, 267, 267a,268), the pupil will see that 

 the only fundamental and permanent way to escape weeds is 

 through better larm management ; and, to a less extent, the same 

 conclusion will apply to insect and fungous pests. "I went by the 

 field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of 

 understanding ; and lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and 

 nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof 

 was broken down." Proverbs xxiv., 80, 31. 



354a. Upon the desirability of continuous employment for 

 farm labor, Roberts speaks as follows when writing of rotations : 

 "The baleful results of raising a single or few products in ex- 

 tended districts may be seen in California and the great wheat 

 districts of the Northwest. In such localities, there is little or no 

 true,home life, with its duties and restraints ; men and boys are 

 herded together like cattle, sleep where they may, and subsist as 

 best they can. The work is hard, and from sun to sun for two or 

 three months, when it abruptly ceases, and the workmen are left 

 to find employment as best they may, or adopt the life and habits 

 of the professional tramp. It is difficult to name anything more 

 demoralizing to men, and especially to boys, than this inter- 

 mittent labor ; and the higher the wages paid and the shorter the 

 period of service, the more demoralizing the effect. If there 

 were no other reason for practicing a rotation with a variety of 

 plants, the welfare of the workman and his family should form a 

 sufficient one." Fertility of the Land, 369. 



For references on live-stock, consult Vol. Ill, Cyclopedia of 

 American Agriculture; Roberts' "The Horse;" Plumb's "Types 

 and Breeds of Farm Animals;" Mayo's "Care of Animals" (Dis- 

 i-:is.-s of Animals). 



