276 THE PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURE 



a long, low, rhythmic motion when the animal is alert, while the 

 hind quarters are lowered and widened, and the hind legs, with 

 their wide, all-embracing sweep, show how and where the great 

 propelling power is located. 



481a. The scoring of animals is a matter of ideals. The person 

 assumes that a total of 100 points represents the perfect animal, 

 each part or quality being represented by a certain figure. 

 Any animal may then be judged (as at a fair) by this standard 

 or score. Definite scores have been adopted by various breeders' 

 associations, colleges, etc. For illustration, two scores are now given. 



4816. Following is the score for a dairy cow used by the 

 College of Agriculture, Cornell University: 



GENERAL APPEARANCE : 



Weight, estimated Ibs. ; actual Ibs. 



Form, wedge shape as viewed from front, side and top.. 5 

 Quality, hair fine, soft ; skin mellow, loose, medium 



thickness, secretion yellow ; bone clean 8 



Constitution, vigorous, not inclined to beefiness 8 



HEAD AND NECK : 



Muzzle, clean cut ; mouth large ; nostrils large 1 



Eyes, large, bright 1 



Face, lean, long ; quiet expression 1 



Forehead, broad, slightly dished 1 



Ears, medium size ; yellow inside, fine texture 1 



Neck, fine, medium length ; throat clean ; light dewlap.. 2 



FORK AND HIND QUARTERS : 



Withers, lean, thin 1 



Shoulders, light, oblique 2 



Hips, far apart ; level between hooks 2 



Rump, long, wide 2 



Pin-bones or thurls, high, wide apart 1 



Thighs, thin , long 2 



Legs, straight, short ; shank fine 1 



Tail, long, slim ; fine switch 1 



BODY : , 



Chest, deep, low ; girth large 8 



Ribs, broad, well sprung, long, wide apart; large stomach. 5 



Back, lean, straight, chine open 3 



Loin, broad, level 2 



Flank, moderately low 1 



Navel, large 1 



