288 GLOSSARY 



Subsoiling. Breaking up the subsoil. 97. 



Subsurface. The lower part of the surface soil, just above the sub- 

 soil. 250a. 



Superannuated. Past its usefulness. 

 Superphosphate. Sometimes used to designate available phosphates. 



and sometimes to designate materials which contain phosphate but 



no potash or nitrogen. 143a. 



Supersaturated. More than saturated, so that the water drains away. 

 Supplementary. Secondary ; used in addition to something else. 

 Swine. Hogs, pigs. 

 Tap-root. A root which runs straight downwards, with no very large 



branches. Figs. 33, 79. 



Texture. Of soils, the size of the ultimate particles. 

 Tillage. Stirring the soil. 81, 84a. 



Toxin. A poisonous production of decomposition. 409a. 

 Training. Placing or guiding the brandies of a plant. 278. 

 Transpiration. Passing off of water from plants. 187. 

 Trimming. Removing part of a plant to improve the looks or man- 



ageableness of the remainder. 278. 

 Turbid. Muddy, cloudy. 

 Under-drainage. Drainage from below. The water is carried through 



the soil, not carried off on the surface. 57, 68. 

 Urea. A waste nitrogenous compound which is cast out through the 



kidneys. 

 Variation. Modification or change in an animal or plant. The coming 



in of new forms or types. Departure from the normal type. 

 Viable. Having life; capable of living or growing. 216. 

 Vital. Pertaining to life or living things : vital heat is the heat of 



an animal or plant, as distinguished from the heat of the sun or 



of a fire. 



Weed. A plant which is not wanted. 



Watersprout. A strong and usually soft shoot arising from an adven- 

 titious or dormant bud, outside the regular place and order of 



shoots. 286. 

 Water-table. That part of the soil marked by the upper limit of the 



free or standing water. 57, 57. 

 Zoo/o(/i/. Knowledge and science of animals. 17. 



