ORTHOPTERA 



135 



them to escape readily into cracks and crevices. Cockroaches were the 

 dominant insects in carboniferous times. There are four common species, 



Fig. 104. Calopt'enus spre'tus. Process of acquiring wings: a, Pupa 

 with skin just split on the back; b, the imago extending; c, the imago nearly 

 out; d, the imago with wings expanded; e, the imago with all parts perfect, 

 natural size. (After Riley.) 



Fig. 105. African mantis or soothsayer, with its egg-mass. (Monteiro.) 



only one being native to the United States. The eggs are laid in small, 

 bean-shaped, horny, brown cases. The young are precocial. Cock- 



