AVES 



273 



all parts of the body ; that taste is poorly developed; that smell is 

 apparently not very acute, except in vultures or turkey buzzards 

 and other carrion-eating birds. 



A B 



Fig. 223. Brain of the hen (A, from above; B, from below): a, Ol- 

 factory bulbs; b, cerebral hemispheres; c, optic lobes; d, cerebellum; d', its 

 lateral parts; e t medulla. (After Carus, from Gegenbaur.) 



Behavior and Intelligence. As has been said of other ani- 

 mals, it is exceedingly difficult to judge what goes on in the mind 

 of a bird without ever having been a bird. It is very probable 

 that many writers upon animal intelligence give birds credit for 



Fig. 224. Eye of a nocturnal bird of prey: Co, Cornea; L, lens; Rt, 

 retina; P, pecten; N.o., optic nerve; Sc, ossifications of the sclerotic; CM, 

 ciliary muscle. (After Wiedersheim.) 



a higher intelligence than they possess because they draw mis- 

 taken conclusions from bird activities, or, more often, because 

 observations have been inaccurate or incomplete. When a 



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