52 FLORA OF MICHIGAN. 



weeds are introduced as a part of the packing or straw employed to pro- 

 tect castings, marble, crockery or fruit trees. Such foreign packing should 

 always be burned at once. 



By these processes the older the country the more troublesome weeds it 

 will have, as every new intruder usually comes to stay. In most cases a 

 weed becomes well established before it is discovered and the inquiry 

 comes: " What is it, and how can I get rid of it?" 



Weeds are likely to become most troublesome, where farmers are 

 slovenly and where they are not thorough in cultivating throughout the 

 season the so-called " hoed crops." In regions where " hoed crops " are 

 seldom raised or only raised in small quantity, certain weeds are likely to 

 prove very annoying. The majority of our weeds have been introduced 

 from Europe, as will be seen by a comparison of the two lists which 

 follow: 



LIST OF WEEDS INTRODUCED FROM EUROPE. 



The list includes fifty-seven species. 



Alyssum calycinum, L. Alyssum. 

 Amaranthus chlorostachys, Willd. Pigweed. 



retroflexus, L. Pigweed. 

 Anthemis Cotula, DC. May-weed. 

 Aretium Lappa, L. Burdock. 

 Brassica nigra, Koch. Black Mustard. 

 Sinapistrum, Boiss. Charlock. 

 Bromus secalinus, L. Cheat. Chess. 

 Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Shepherd's Purse. 

 Chenopodium album, L. Lamb's Quarters. Pigweed. 

 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. White Daisy. Ox-Eye Daisy. 

 Cichorium Intybus, L. Chicory. 

 Onicus arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistle. 



" lanceolatus, Hoffm. Common Thistle. Bull Thistle. 

 Conium maculatum, L, Poison Hemlock. 

 Convolvulus arvensis, L. Bindweed. 

 Cynoglossum officinale, L. Hound's-Tongue. 

 Datura Stramonium, ~L. Stramonium. Thorn Apple. 

 Daucus Carota, L. Carrot. 

 Dipsacus sylvestris, Mill. Wild Teasel. 

 Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm. Stickseed. 

 Eragrostis major, Host. 



Hypericum perforatum, L. St. John's wort. 

 Inula Helenium, L. Elecampane. 

 Lactuca Scariola, L. Prickly Lettuce. 

 Leonurus Cardiaca, L. Mother wort. 

 Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Ramsted. Butter and Eggs. 

 Lithospermum arvense, L. Red root. Corn Gromwell. Wheat Thief. 

 Lychnis Githago, Lam. Corn Cockle. 

 Malva rotundifolia, L. Common Mallow. 

 Medieago lupulina, L. Black Medick. 

 Melilotus alba, Lam. White Melilot. Sweet Clover. 

 Nepeta Cataria, L. Catnip. 

 Panicum Crus-galli, L. Barnyard-Grass. 

 " glabrum, Gaudin. Panic Grass. 



sanguinale, L. Crab- or Finger-Grass. 

 Plantago lanceolata, L. Ribgrass. English Plantain. 

 Polygonum Convolvulus, L. Black Bindweed. 

 Portulaca oleracea, L. Purslane. 

 Ranunculus acris, L. Buttercups. 



bulbosus, L. Buttercups. 

 Rumex Acetosella, L. Field or Sheep Sorrel. 



" crispus, L. Curled Dock. 



" obtusifolius, L. Bitter Dock. 



