132 FLORA OF MICHIGAN. 



1059. B. lutea, Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. Th. 



Ann Arbor, Winch. Cat.; 8. Haven, Bailey; to L. Superior. "Common along the line of the F. & 

 P. M. R. R. and northward to the Traverse country; a large tree; timber valuable," Dr. Beal. Rare 

 south of the Grand- Saginaw Valley. 



* 1060. B. papyrifera, Marshall. Paper or Canoe Birch. White Birch. 



Th. 



Extends southward to Lansing and perhaps further. Frequent at Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co., as a 

 small tree. Often springs up, forming a dense thicket, where pine lands have been burned over. 



*1061. B. pumila, L. Low Birch. Th. 



Swamps. Variable. Frequent. 



1062. B. glanclulosa, Michx. Dwarf Birch. U. P. 

 Burt's MS. Cat; Lake Superior. 



386." ALNUS, Tourn, ALDER. 



1063. A. viridis, DC. Green or Mountain Alder. U. P. 



" Dry rocky land," Whitney Cat.; Isle Royale, Dr. A. B. Lyons; high hills, Escanaba, E. J. Hill; 

 Keweenaw Co., F. Common. 



*1064. A. incana, Willd. Speckled or Hoary Alder. Th. 



Borders of streams. The prevailing Alder in center of the State and in U. P. Common. 



1065. A. serrulata, Willd. Smooth Alder. 

 Macomb Co.; Traverse City and S. Mich., -Winch. Cat. ; Burt's MS. Cat. Rare or local. 



387. CORYL-US, Tourn. HAZEL-NUT. FILBERT. 

 *1066. C. Americana, Walt. Wild Hazel-nut. Th. 



Thickets. Common. 



1067. C. rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel-nut. Th. 



Hubbardston ; and common northward. 



388. OSTRYA, Micheli. HOP-HORNBEAM. IRON-WOOD. 



*1068. O. Virgiiiica, Willd. American Hop-Hornbeam. Lever- wocd, 



Th. 

 Rich woods. Common. 



389. CARPINUS, L. HORNBEAM. IRON-WOOD. 



*1069. C. Caroliniaiia, Walter. American Hornbeam. Blue or Water 



Beech. Th. 



Along streams. Wood of this and the preceding tough and durable ; used for wedges, levers, etc. 



390. QUERCUS, L. OAK. 

 *1070. Q. alba, L. White Oak. Th. 



Rich woods. Rare in U. P., Menominee Co., Burt MS. Cat., etc. Our most valuable species. Much 

 used in inside finishing, carriage-making, etc., etc., wherever a strong, durable, and beautiful timber is 

 desired. Common, 



*1071. Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Bur Oak. Over-cup or Mossy -cup Oak. 

 Rich soil. Common. A form of this oak occurs in Cheboygan Co., B. & K. 



*1072. Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak. 

 Low ground. A large tree. Common. 



*1073.fjQ. Muhlenberg-ii, Engelm. Yellow Oak. Chestnut-Oak. C.&S. 

 Rich woods. A medium sized tree. Infrequent. 



1074. Q. prinoicles, Willd. Dwarf Chestnut-Oak. C. & S. 



A low shrub or small tree. Macomb Co.; Barren Lake, Cass Co. ; Brighton, Dr. J. B; Steere; Hub- 

 bardston; Muir ; Gratiot Co. This and the preceding seem to run together. Infrequent. 



*1075. Q. rubra, L. Red Oak. Tb. 



In the C. & S., a large tree ; or, at Petoskey, a low tree or tall shrub; in U. P., along the shore, a low 

 shrub or scraggy tree (the common form), or, in Ontonagon valley, a good-sized tree, Whitney. Q. 

 ambigua, MX., apparently belongs here. (See Engelm, "Oaks of the U.S." Tr. Ac. Sc., St. Louis, Vol. 

 III.) " "One of the most variable of the Atlantic species," Engelmann. 



