SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ULMUS 



a. Leaves essentially smooth on both sides; branches often 

 with corky, wing-like ridges; lowermost branches usually 

 short and strongly drooping; main trunk usually continuous 

 into the crown without dividing, giving to the tree a nar- 

 row-oblong outline U. racemosa, p. 129. 



aa. Leaves usually rough on one or on both sides; branches 

 without corky ridges; lowermost branches not short, not 

 strongly drooping; main trunk usually dividing into several 

 large limbs, giving to the tree a more or less vase-shaped 

 outline. 



b. Leaves usually rough above, but smooth beneath, with 

 petioles glabrous; bark of trunk gray, deeply fissured into 



broad, scaly ridges ; inner bark not mucilaginous 



U. americana, p. 127. 



bb. Leaves usually rough both sides, with petioles hairy; bark 

 of trunk dark red-brown, shallowly fissured into large, 



loose plates ; inner bark mucilaginous 



U. fulva, p. 125. 



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