Ill 



LITTLE ENGLAND BEYOND WALES 



FROM Carmarthen we took the westward road into 

 Pembrokeshire, running at first through a grass country 

 differing in no respect from the valley of the Towy, a 

 country of small farms each with but one or two fields 

 under arable cultivation. The hay crops were light 

 enough, and the grass had shot so far that the recent 

 rains could have little effect upon the yield. 



Haverfordwest is the centre of that special country 

 known as " Little England beyond Wales," which has 

 retained its English speech and traditions from the 

 twelfth century, when it was conquered and colon- 

 ized by Strongbow. Nor do the English represent the 

 only foreign element in Pembrokeshire, for about Milford 

 Haven there are several fishing colonies of Flemish 

 origin, descendants of the Flemings also brought over by 

 the Earl of Clare, who still possess many characteristic 

 customs and a whole vocabulary of technical terms. 

 The little village of Llangwm is perhaps the most 

 purely Flemish ; the inhabitants have a dress of their 

 own, and show their Flemish origin in the architecture 

 and the spotless cleanliness of their cottages, though 

 perhaps the most distinctively foreign feature is the 

 custom by which the women manage the boats and 

 market the fish while the men stay at home and look 

 after the gardens. 



Pembrokeshire, with its difficult communications, has 



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