THE SALMON FISHEK. 15 



summer and fall, the jaws become elongate and distorted, and the anterior 

 teeth much enlarged, as in the related species. The body then becomes 

 deeper, more compressed and arched at the shoulders, and the color nearly 

 black. Preopercle and opercle strongly convex. Body comparatively 

 robust, its depth greatest near its middle. Ventrals inserted behind mid- 

 dle of dorsal, ventral appendage half the length of the fin ; caudal unus- 

 ual in this genus strongly forked on a rather slender caudal peduncle. 

 Flesh red and rich in spring, becoming paler in the fall as the spawning 

 season approaches. Head 4 ; depth 4. B 15-16 to 18-19, the number on the 

 two sides always unlike ; D 11 ; A 16. Gill-rakers usually 9x14, i. e., 9 above 

 the angle and 14 below. Pyloric coeca 140-185. Scales usually 27-146-29, 

 the number in a longitudinal series varying from 140-155, and in California 

 specimens as low as 135. 



Very different is the Atlantic Salmon (8. Solar 

 Linnaeus) to the scientific eye when compared with 

 the foregoing and described by Jordan & Gilbert, to 

 wit : 



Body moderately elongate, symmetrical, not generally compressed. Head 

 rather low. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching just past the eye, 

 its length 2 3 in head ; in young specimens the maxillary is proportion- 

 ately shorter. Preoperculum with a distinct lower limb, the angle rounded. 

 Scales comparatively large, rather larger posteriorly, silvery and well im- 

 bricated in the young, becoming imbedded in adult males. Coloration in 

 the adult brownish above, the sides more or less silvery, with numerous 

 black spots on sides of head, on body, and on fins, and red patches along 

 the sides in the males ; young specimens (parrs) with about eleven dusky 

 cross bars, besides black spots and red patches, the color, as well as the 

 form of the head and body, varying much with age, food and condition ; 

 the black spots in the adult often x-shaped, or xx-shaped. Head 4 ; depth 

 4. Br. 11 ; D 11 ; A 9 ; scales 23-120-21 ; vertebrae 60 ; pyloric coeca about 

 65. Weight 15-40 Ibs. North Atlantic, ascending all suitable rivers, and 



