10 



THE SALMON FISHEK. 



mous species are included the whitefish, graylings, 

 caplins, eulachans, trouts, charrs, and smelts, and 

 the most prominent of them all are the SALMONS, 

 which constitute the subject of this sketch. These 

 are divided specifically as well as geographically into 

 two characteristic classes, of which one is known as 

 Salmo (the leaper) and the other as Oncorhynchus 

 (hook nose.) Of the latter there are five recognized 

 species which are ennumerated as follows in Jordan 

 & Gilbert's amended Synopsis of Fishes (1883) : 



SPECIES. RANGE. 



Dog Salmon ( O. Keta) Sacramento River to Bering Strait. 



Humpback (0. Gorbuscha) " to Kotzebue Sound. 



Silver Salmon (O. Kisutch) " 



Blueback (0. NerJca) Columbia Kiver " " " 



Quinnat (0. Chouichd) Montery to the Arctic Ocean. 



All of these have their several peculiarities very 

 strongly developed. The snout in the adult males 

 in summer and fall is greatly distorted ; the premax- 

 ilaries are prolonged, hooking over the lower jaw, 

 which in turn is greatly elongated and somewhat 

 hooked at tip ; the teeth on these bones greatly 

 enlarged. The body becomes deep and compressed, 

 a fleshy lump is developed in front of the dorsal fin, 



