APPENDIX. 191 



** COREGONI: teeth small or scarcely perceptible, 



and none on the tongue or the palate. 

 10. SALMO THYMALLUS. The grayling. 



11. LAVARETUS. The guinaid. 



*** OSMERI : the greater dorsal and the anal fin 



nearly opposite. 

 12. SALMO EPERLANUS. The smelt. 



* TRUTT^E : with teeth numerous and well defined. 



1. Salmo Salar. The Salmon. Head smooth and 

 compressed, the upper jaw projecting in a slight 

 degree beyond the lower, teeth in both jaws and on 

 the tongue. Most frequently, thirteen rays in the 

 anal fin. Color on the back, bluish black ; a sil- 

 very leaden color, like that of lead ore, on the 

 sides ; and white on the belly. Marked with dark 

 spots, which are in the skin and not in the scales, 

 above the lateral line, which is straight and near 

 the back. The salmon which are caught do not 

 generally exceed three feet in length or twenty 

 pounds in weight. There are, however, instances 

 of salmon being taken weighing from sixty to 

 seventy pounds, and from five to six feet long. The 

 largest which the writer ever saw was caught in the 

 Tyne, and weighed forty-eight pounds. No salmon 

 have ever been taken in the upper part of rivers 

 with food in their stomach ; though by the sea- 

 shore at the mouth of an estuary, some have been 

 caught gorged with sand eels. From March to 

 August the roe of the salmon is small, being about 

 three and a half inches long and a quarter of an 

 inch diameter, with the ova not larger than grains 



